不同水温、光照条件下东海轻质原油对浮游植物生长及叶绿素的影响

发布时间：2018-01-21 11:50

本文关键词： 轻质原油海洋微藻细胞密度温度光照叶绿素　出处：《上海海洋大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：海洋是人类生存和发展的重要物质基础,而海上溢油污染是影响海洋环境安全的主要问题,溢油污染对海洋生态系统具有极为严重的影响。海洋微藻是海洋生态系统中的低级生产者,为海洋供应主要初级生产力,同时对生态系统的物质循环与能量流动起着关键性作用。海洋微藻作为海洋环境中的主要浮游生物,其健康状态和海洋生态环境息息相关。目前关于石油类对海洋微藻生长影响的研究已较为广泛,其基本上围绕着石油水溶解组分(WAF)的浓度变化展开研究,得出石油烃对浮游微藻生长“低促高抑”的现象[1],即低浓度促进生长,高浓度抑制生长。在东海海域,各大油田开采均为轻质原油,鉴于其极易挥发的特性,与之前的研究结果可能存在较大差异。所以,本文采用轻质原油水溶解组分及轻质原油进行实验,对东海原甲藻(Prorocentrum donghaiense)、赤潮异弯藻(Heterosigma akashiwo)和中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)在不同温度和光照下的生长速率及叶绿素a含量进行实验研究,初步认识轻质原油胁迫对微藻的毒性机制,这将在石油污染对海洋微藻生长影响方面,填补轻质原油领域的空白,为海洋石油污染的应急处置、损害赔偿和综合管理提供重要的基础数据和技术支撑。1轻质原油WAF对三种海洋微藻生长及叶绿素的影响(1)轻质原油WAF对微藻的生长具有显著的抑制作用,低浓度(0.73 mg·dm-3)时轻质原油WAF对微藻生长的影响相对较小,与对照组相比作用不明显,而轻质原油WAF浓度较高时对三种微藻的生长具有显著的抑制作用,相同时间内轻质原油WAF浓度越高抑制作用越强。(2)依据三种微藻的轻质原油胁迫96-h EC50可知,三种海洋微藻对轻质原油WAF的毒性敏感性大小顺序为:东海原甲藻中肋骨条藻赤潮异弯藻。(3)轻质原油WAF对三种微藻的叶绿素a含量均有不同程度抑制作用。赤潮异弯藻敏感性略高于东海原甲藻和中肋骨条藻。(4)温度是影响微藻生长和轻质原油WAF毒性效应的关键性因素。温度升高,三种微藻的细胞密度和叶绿素含量同步上升,但不同轻质原油WAF浓度间的差异性也越加明显。(5)光照强度对微藻生长和叶绿素含量也有显著影响。在实验范围内,光照越强微藻生长越快,叶绿素a含量越高,但相应的石油烃毒性胁迫越明显。2轻质原油对三种海洋微藻生长及叶绿素的影响(1)轻质原油具有高挥发性特征。本实验相比轻质原油WAF实验,微藻对轻质原油初始浓度耐受性提高了10倍之多。(2)轻质原油对微藻生长有一定抑制作用。因轻质原油的高挥发性,轻质原油胁迫下对微藻生长的抑制作用并不明显,各组基本能恢复正常生长。(3)依据三种微藻的轻质原油胁迫96-h EC50可知,三种海洋微藻对轻质原油的毒性敏感性大小顺序为:东海原甲藻中肋骨条藻赤潮异弯藻。(4)通过对照不同轻质原油浓度下三种微藻的叶绿素a含量变化得出,赤潮异弯藻较为敏感,。随着轻质原油浓度提高,三种海洋微藻叶绿素a含量均明显减少,处理组和对照组之间的差异性显著增强。(5)温度是影响本实验的关键性因素,随着温度升高,三种微藻的细胞密度和叶绿素含量同步上升,轻质原油不同浓度对微藻的影响作用越显著。(6)光照强度也是影响实验中微藻生长和叶绿素含量的重要因素,在实验范围内,光照越强微藻生长越快,叶绿素a含量越高,但相应的石油烃毒性胁迫越明显。3动态加油对三种海洋微藻生长及叶绿素的影响(1)本实验为持续加油实验(分别间隔6 h、12 h和24 h),轻质原油挥发后,间断加油的操作直接导致轻质原油胁迫效应的持续和增大,有一定模拟持续溢油的效果。(2)实验结果显示,低浓度(10 mg·dm-3)时轻质原油对微藻生长的抑制作用相对较小,与对照组相比作用不显著,而轻质原油浓度较高时对三种微藻的生长均表现出显著的抑制作用,相同时间内轻质原油浓度越高抑制作用越显著。加油频率也是影响轻质原油抑制作用的重要因素,频率越高抑制作用越明显。(3)依据三种微藻的轻质原油胁迫96-h EC50可知,三种海洋微藻对轻质原油的毒性敏感性大小顺序为:东海原甲藻中肋骨条藻赤潮异弯藻,加油频率对微藻抑制作用大小顺序为:6 h12 h24 h。(4)轻质原油胁迫降低微藻叶绿素含量,加油频率越高影响越大。随着轻质原油浓度提高,三种海洋微藻叶绿素a含量均明显减少,处理组和对照组之间的差异性显著增强。(5)温度是影响本实验的关键性因素,随着温度升高,三种微藻的细胞密度和叶绿素含量同步上升,不同轻质原油浓度间的差异性显著增强。(6)光照强度也是影响实验中微藻生长和叶绿素含量的重要因素,在实验范围内,光照越强微藻生长越快,叶绿素a含量越高,但相应的石油烃毒性胁迫越明显。
[Abstract]:The ocean is an important material basis for human survival and development, and the pollution of oil spill is the major problems affecting the security of the marine environment, the oil spill pollution is an extremely serious impact on marine ecosystems. Marine microalgae are low-level producers in the marine ecosystem, the main supply for ocean primary productivity, and plays a key role in material cycling and energy flow of ecosystem. Marine microalgae as the main plankton in the marine environment, the marine ecological environment and health are closely related. The current research on the impact of oil on the growth of marine microalgae has been widely, which basically revolves around the oil water dissolved component (WAF) on the concentration of oil, the the growth of hydrocarbon "low promotion and high suppression" phenomenon of [1] is low concentration of planktonic microalgae, promote growth, high concentration inhibited the growth. In the East China Sea, each big oilfield are Light crude oil, due to its highly volatile characteristics, from the previous research results may be quite different. So, this paper uses light crude oil water dissolved fractions and light crude experiments of dinoflagellate (Prorocentrum donghaiense), heterosigmaakashiwo (Heterosigma akashiwo) and Skeletonema costatum (Skeletonema costatum) experimental studies were carried out at different temperature and light growth rate and chlorophyll a content, preliminary understanding of light crude oil stress toxicity mechanism of microalgae, which will be of oil pollution on marine microalgae growth effect, fill gaps in light oil field, emergency disposal for marine oil pollution, and provides an important basis and technical data support.1 light crude oil WAF on three marine microalgae growth and chlorophyll damages and integrated management (1) has a significant inhibitory effect on the growth of microalgae WAF light crude oil, Low concentration (0.73 mg dm-3) when the light crude oil WAF effect on microalgae growth is relatively small, compared with the control group had no effect, but higher concentrations of WAF light crude oil of three microalgae growth has significant inhibitory effect on the same time, light crude oil, the higher concentration of WAF inhibited by the stronger (2. On the basis of the three species of microalgae) light crude 96-h EC50 stress showed that three species of marine microalgae to light crude WAF toxicity sensitivity order of algae heterosigmaakashiwo Prorocentrum. (3) inhibition of light crude oil WAF on three microalgae chlorophyll a content had different degrees of Heterosigma. The sensitivity is slightly higher than that of algae Prorocentrum and Skeletonema costatum. (4) the temperature is a key factor affecting the growth of microalgae and light crude oil. The toxic effect of WAF temperature, cell density and chlorophyll content of three microalgae increased, but different light The difference between the concentration of WAF crude oil has become increasingly obvious. (5) the light intensity had significant effects on the growth and chlorophyll content in microalgae. In the experimental range, the stronger light microalgae grow faster, the chlorophyll content of a is higher, but the toxicity of petroleum hydrocarbon corresponding stress more obvious effects on three kinds of.2 light crude oil marine microalgae growth and chlorophyll (1) light crude oil with high volatile characteristics. This experiment compared light crude WAF experiment, initial concentration of microalgae to light crude oil resistance increased by 10 times. (2) the light crude oil has certain inhibitory effect on the growth of microalgae. Because of the high volatile light crude oil, light oil under stress inhibition of microalgae growth is not obvious, the basic can return to normal growth. (3) on the basis of the three species of microalgae light crude oil stress 96-h EC50 shows that three species of marine microalgae to light crude oil toxicity sensitivity order of Prorocentrum Algae heterosigmaakashiwo algae. (4) through the change of chlorophyll a content of three species of microalgae under different concentration of control light crude oil that heterosigmaakashiwo is more sensitive to light crude oil. With the increasing concentration of three marine microalgae chlorophyll a content decreased, the difference between the treatment group and control group increased. (5) the temperature is a key factor affecting the experiment, with the increase of temperature, the cell density and chlorophyll content of three microalgae increased, light crude oil of different concentration effect on microalgae is more significant. (6) the light intensity is an important factor affecting the growth of algae and the chlorophyll content in the experiment. In the experimental range, the stronger light microalgae grow faster, the chlorophyll content of a is higher, but the toxicity of petroleum hydrocarbon gas dynamic.3 stress more obvious influence on the three kinds of marine microalgae growth and chlorophyll (1) in this experiment for refueling The experiment (the spacing of 6 h, 12 h and 24 h), light crude oil, volatile, intermittent gas operations directly lead to light crude oil stress effect and continuous increase, some simulation continued to spill oil effect. (2) the experimental results show that the low concentration (10 mg dm-3) when the inhibition of light crude oil the growth of microalgae is relatively small, compared with the control group had no significant effect, while the light crude oil concentration was higher in three microalgae growth showed significant inhibitory effect, the same time the higher the concentration of light crude oil inhibitory effect is more significant. An important factor is the impact of light crude oil gas frequency effect, the higher the frequency of inhibition more obvious. (3) on the basis of the three species of microalgae light crude oil stress 96-h EC50 shows that three species of marine microalgae to light crude oil toxicity sensitivity order of algae heterosigmaakashiwo p.donghaiense, gas frequency on the suppression of microalgae Made of the order of 6 H12 H24 h. (4) light crude oil stress decreased the chlorophyll content of microalgae, the higher the frequency the greater the effect of gas. With the light crude oil concentration increased, the chlorophyll a content of three species of marine microalgae were significantly reduced, the difference between the treatment group and the control group was significantly increased (5) temperature is. The key factors of the experiment, with the increase of temperature, the cell density and chlorophyll content of three microalgae increased, the difference between the different light crude oil concentration increased significantly. (6) were important factors of light intensity but also affect the microalgae growth and chlorophyll in the experiment, in the experimental range, the stronger the light of microalgae the faster the growth, chlorophyll a content is high, but the toxicity of petroleum hydrocarbon corresponding stress is more obvious.

【学位授予单位】：上海海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X55

【参考文献】