辽河保护区河流健康评价方法学研究

发布时间：2018-01-22 20:37

  本文关键词： 辽河保护区干流 大型底栖动物 结构方程模型 B-IBI-SEM 河流生态健康评价　出处：《沈阳航空航天大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：水生生物的调查,尤其是大型底栖动物的调查和鉴定是河流生态健康评价的基础。大型底栖动物是河流生态环境中分布最广的物种之一,它是一种无脊椎动物,且拥有复杂的种群。大型底栖动物也被认为是研究河流生态系统健康的必要组成部分,是整个生态循环中的重要环节。以大型底栖动物鉴定为基础而构建的底栖生物多样性指数(Benthic-Index of Biotic Integrity,简称B-IBI)方法可以用来评价河流的生态健康,并得到较广泛的应用。然而传统的B-IBI评价方法存在很多问题,包括B-IBI算法高估了观测变量的真正变异量和忽略了其他变量的相互影响等。本文通过引入结构方程模型(SEM)并基于B-IBI指数算法,在辽河保护区干流构建B-IBI-SEM河流生态健康评价模型,以求将传统的B-IBI指数法改进并对辽河保护区干流生态健康进行更合理地评价。本论文的主要研究内容及结果如下:(1)本论文主要对辽河保护区干流包括福德店在内的共30个采样点的沉积物样品进行大型底栖动物的物种鉴定,总共鉴定出47种大型底栖动物,并且多为耐污种。(2)建模之初,首先要进行参照点与受损点的选择,以及对生物学指标进行初选,之后建立候选指标的颜色判别矩阵,对候选指标进行精选。精选主要使用信度检验、效度检验和IQ判别分析等分析方法。经过筛选,本论文确定四河汇入口为参照点,并精选了总分类单元数等10个生物学指标用于后续建模。(3)基于传统的B-IBI评价模型,依据结构方程模型的原理进行建模。在辽河保护区干流的上游构建B-IBI-SEM评价模型,并对模型进行修正之后,成功建模。为了验证模型的稳定性,需要基于下游的数据对模型进行验证。最后得出了稳定的B-IBI-SEM模型,即B-IBI-SEM得分=(0.05K1+0.39K2-0.01 K3)+(-1.26K4-1.31K5)+(0.15K6+0.23K7)+0.41。(4)根据构建的B-IBI-SEM模型对辽河保护区干流的生态健康进行评价,结果表明辽河保护区干流不同河段的生态健康多处于亚健康和一般状态。
[Abstract]:The investigation of aquatic organisms, especially the investigation and identification of macrobenthos is the basis of river ecological health assessment. Macrobenthos are one of the most widely distributed species in river ecological environment, and it is a kind of invertebrate. Macrobenthos are also considered an essential part of the study of the health of river ecosystems. The index of benthos biodiversity based on the identification of macrobenthos is an important link in the whole ecological cycle. Benthic-Index of Biotic Integrity. B-IBI (B-IBI) method can be used to evaluate the ecological health of rivers, and has been widely used. However, there are many problems in the traditional B-IBI evaluation method. The B-IBI algorithm overestimates the true variation of observed variables and ignores the interaction of other variables. This paper introduces the structural equation model (SEM) and based on B-IBI exponential algorithm. B-IBI-SEM river ecological health assessment model was constructed in the main stream of Liaohe River Reserve. In order to improve the traditional B-IBI index method and evaluate the ecological health of the main stream in Liaohe Reserve, the main contents and results of this paper are as follows: 1). In this paper, the species identification of macrobenthos was carried out on sediment samples from 30 sampling sites in Liaohe River Reserve, including Fudian. A total of 47 species of macrobenthos were identified, and most of them were pollution-tolerant species. At the beginning of modeling, the reference point and damage point should be selected, as well as biological indexes should be selected. After that, the color discriminant matrix of candidate index was established, and the candidate index was selected. The main selection methods were reliability test, validity test and IQ discriminant analysis. In this paper, the entrance of four rivers is determined as the reference point, and 10 biological indexes, such as the number of total taxonomic units, are selected for subsequent modeling. (3) based on the traditional B-IBI evaluation model. The B-IBI-SEM evaluation model was constructed in the upper reaches of the main stream of Liaohe River Reserve according to the principle of structural equation model, and the model was successfully modeled after the modification of the model, in order to verify the stability of the model. The model needs to be validated based on downstream data. Finally, a stable B-IBI-SEM model is obtained. B-IBI-SEM score of 0.05K1 0.39K2-0.01 K3) -1.26K4-1.31K5) 0.15K6 0.23K7). Based on the B-IBI-SEM model, the ecological health of the main stream in Liaohe protection area was evaluated. The results showed that the ecological health of different reaches of the main stream in Liaohe protected area was mostly in sub-health and general state.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳航空航天大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X824
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本文编号：1455684