北京市16种树木吸附大气颗粒物的差异及颗粒物研究

发布时间：2018-01-23 00:03

本文关键词： 绿化树种大气颗粒物颗粒物附着密度粒径分布元素组成　出处：《北京林业大学学报》2016年12期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：为选择吸附颗粒物能力强的绿化树种修复大气颗粒物污染,以北京市西直门交通枢纽的16种常见绿化树种为材料,利用扫描电镜观察叶片表面的微观形貌和颗粒物的形态,并用Image J软件对颗粒物的粒径分布进行统计。研究发现,16种树叶表面形貌差异较大,阔叶树种叶片上表面形态比较复杂,有沟槽、褶皱、绒毛和蜡质等,下表面主要有气孔、腺毛、绒毛等,形态相对较单一。针叶树种叶表面形态相对简单,有少量褶皱,但是叶表面分泌大量油脂。叶片表面附着的大部分颗粒物表面粗糙且形态不规则,粒径小于2.5μm的颗粒物在3种粒径中占比最大。通过扫描电镜X射线能谱仪对颗粒物的元素进行分析发现,组成颗粒物的元素主要有C、N、O、Si、Ca、Fe,及少量的Na、Mg、Pb、Ni、Cd和Pd等元素。从颗粒物来源分析,主要含有C、N、O、Na、Mg、Si和Ca等元素的颗粒物,可能主要来自自然界,而Pb、Fe、Ni、Cd和Pd等元素含量较高的颗粒物可能主要来自人类活动的产物。叶表面颗粒物附着密度结果表明,圆柏和油松较其他树种叶片颗粒附着密度大,其余较大的树种依次是栾树、国槐和榆叶梅等。研究结果为揭示树木吸收大气颗粒物的机制及合理选择园林绿化树种提供了重要的理论科学依据。
[Abstract]:In order to select greening tree species with strong ability to adsorb particulate matter, 16 common greening trees in Xizhimen Traffic Hub of Beijing were used as materials for remediation of atmospheric particulate pollution. The microscopic morphology of leaf surface and the morphology of particulate matter were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the particle size distribution was analyzed by Image J software. The results showed that there were great differences in the morphology of 16 leaves. The upper surface morphology of broad-leaved species is more complex, with grooves, folds, fluff and waxy, etc. The lower surface mainly has stomata, glandular hairs, villi and so on, the morphology is relatively simple, and the surface morphology of coniferous leaves is relatively simple. There were a few folds, but the leaf surface secreted a lot of oil. The surface of most particles attached to the leaf surface was rough and irregular. The particle size less than 2.5 渭 m accounted for the largest of the three particle sizes. The analysis of the elements of the particles by scanning electron microscope X-ray energy spectrometer showed that the main elements of the particles were Con Nu O Si. From the source analysis of particulates, there are mainly the particulates containing elements such as C ~ (2 +) N ~ (2 +) O ~ (2 +) Na, mg ~ (2 +) Si, Ca and so on. It is possible that the particulates with high contents of Pb, Fe, Ni, CD and PD may come from the products of human activities, and the results of the adhesion density of particles on the leaf surface indicate that the particles are mainly from the natural world. Compared with other tree species, Cypress orientalis and Pinus tabulaeformis had higher particle adhesion density, and the other larger species were Luan. The results provided an important theoretical basis for revealing the mechanism of absorbing atmospheric particulates by trees and reasonably selecting the tree species for landscaping.
【作者单位】：北京林业大学生物科学与技术学院林木育种国家工程实验室;
【基金】：林业公益性行业科研专项(201304301)
【分类号】：S718.45;X513
【正文快照】： SHI Jun-na;ZHANG Gang;AN Hai-long;CAO Xue-hui;LIU Chao;YIN Wei-lun;XIA Xin-li.Differences in atmospheric particle accumulation on leaf surface in sixteen tree species in Beijingand characteristics of particles.Journal of Beijing Forestry University(2016)

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