南海海洋环境突发事件应对研究

发布时间：2018-02-03 13:20

本文关键词： 南海海洋环境突发事件应对　出处：《广东海洋大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：南海也称南中国海,自然海域面积超过300万km2,位居我国四大海域之首。随着南海油气资源被发现,南海周边国家纷纷掠夺式的开发南海资源,造成海上石油勘探开发溢油事件、海上船舶污染事件不断发生。此外,港口污染事件、陆源排污、放射性污染事件、大规模赤潮等海洋灾害事件也频繁出现在南海,给南海海洋环境带来灾难。良好的海洋环境是我国与南海周边国家未来生存和发展的有效保障。我国和南海周边国家应该共同承担起保护南海海洋环境的义务,如何处置南海海洋环境突发事件是南海沿海各国共同面临的一道难题。本文正是在这样的背景下展开研究,以求南海海洋环境突发事件应对的有效方案。本论文主要包括七个部分:第一部分,绪论。20世纪60年代,南海主权争议愈演愈烈,资源掠夺步伐加快,从而使南海海洋环境面临严峻挑战,如何有效应对海洋环境突发事件成为一个急需探讨的问题,这也是本论文研究的意义所在。论文从理论和实践两个方面指出研究的意义,系统总结国内外的研究现状,点明本论文的主要创新点和研究的主要内容。第二部分,相关理论依据介绍。论文层层深入对南海海洋环境应急管理进行定义,点明其具有公共性、突发性、危害性、持续性、扩散性等特点。引进区域海洋管理理论、多中心治理理论、危机管理理论、风险管理理论,主张打破传统的行政区域划分,加强区域之间的合作。提出将风险管理作为整个突发事件应对的新开端,使应对重心从事后应对转为事前预防。第三部分,事件类型划分。根据诱因的不同,将南海海洋环境突发事件归纳为以下五种类型:海洋石油勘探过程中出现的溢油事件、海上船舶事件、港口污染事件、陆源污染物排污事件、放射性污染事件、大规模赤潮等海洋灾害事件。第四部分,总结应对现状与应对难点。本文详细总结了我国在突发事件应对法律制度、机构设置、人员素质、技术设备等方面取得的新突破。从法律、技术、信息沟通、公众参与、区域协调等方面分析了应对中存在的不足。第五部分,重新设计应对流程。传统突发事件预防通常是预警—应对—善后模式,该模式存在“重应对,轻预防”的弊端。针对这种现状,本文重新设计了应对流程,引入企业管理中的风险管理理论,将风险管理作为南海海洋环境突发事件应对的新起点,即风险管理阶段、预警阶段、应对阶段、善后管理阶段。第六部分,应对对策。在相关理论的指导下,结合对南海海洋环境突发事件应对现状的分析,提出完善南海海洋环境突发事件应对对策建议。第七部分,总结与展望。总结本研究在理论、应对流程、应对方案方面的创新之处。同时也指出了论文研究中存在的不足之处。例如,数据需要更新,应对流程是否具有实用性需要实践来检验、对策建议的局限性。
[Abstract]:The South China Sea, also known as the South China Sea, has a natural sea area of more than 3 million km2, ranking first among the four major seas in China. With the discovery of oil and gas resources in the South China Sea, the surrounding countries in the South China Sea have exploited the resources of the South China Sea in a predatory manner. In addition, port pollution incidents, land-based pollution incidents, radioactive pollution incidents. Large scale red tide and other marine disasters also occur frequently in the South China Sea. A good marine environment is an effective guarantee for the future survival and development of China and the surrounding countries of the South China Sea. China and the surrounding countries of the South China Sea should jointly assume the obligation to protect the marine environment of the South China Sea. How to deal with marine environmental emergencies in the South China Sea is a common problem facing coastal countries in the South China Sea. This paper mainly includes seven parts: the first part, introduction. In 60s, the South China Sea sovereignty dispute intensified, the pace of resource plunder accelerated. In order to make the South China Sea marine environment face severe challenges, how to effectively respond to marine environmental emergencies has become an urgent problem. This is also the significance of this paper. The thesis points out the significance of the research from both theoretical and practical aspects, and systematically summarizes the current research situation at home and abroad. This paper points out the main innovation of this paper and the main contents of the research. The second part, the related theoretical basis. The thesis defines the marine environment emergency management of the South China Sea layer by layer, points out that it has the public, sudden. The paper introduces regional ocean management theory, multi-center governance theory, crisis management theory, risk management theory, and advocates to break the traditional division of administrative regions. Strengthen the cooperation between regions. Put forward the risk management as a new beginning of the whole emergency response, so that the focus of response from post-event to pre-prevention. The third part, the type of events, according to the different incentives. The marine environmental emergencies in the South China Sea can be classified into the following five types: oil spills in the process of offshore oil exploration, marine vessel incidents, port pollution events, land-based pollutant emission events, and radioactive pollution events. Large scale red tide and other marine disaster events. Part 4th summarizes the current situation and difficulties. This paper summarizes the legal system institutional setting and personnel quality of emergency response in China in detail. From the aspects of law, technology, information communication, public participation, regional coordination and other aspects of the analysis of the shortcomings of the response. 5th. The traditional emergency prevention is usually forewarning-coping-aftercare mode, which has the disadvantages of "heavy response, light prevention". In view of this situation, this paper redesigned the response process. This paper introduces the theory of risk management in enterprise management, and regards risk management as a new starting point for the response to marine environmental emergencies in the South China Sea, that is, risk management stage, early warning stage, response stage, and aftercare management stage. Part 6th. Under the guidance of relevant theories, combined with the analysis of the current situation of response to marine environmental emergencies in the South China Sea, the author puts forward the countermeasures and suggestions to improve the response to marine environmental emergencies in the South China Sea. Part 7th. Summary and prospect. Summarize the innovation of this research in theory, response process, response plan. At the same time, point out the deficiencies in the research. For example, the data need to be updated. Whether the response process is practical or not needs to be tested by practice, and the limitations of countermeasures and suggestions.
【学位授予单位】：广东海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X55;D63

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