湖泊生态影响域测度研究

发布时间：2018-02-03 13:36

本文关键词： 湖泊流域生态影响域生态文明建设场强模型洱海流域　出处：《华中师范大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：我国湖泊众多,湖泊流域污染和生态退化问题相当普遍,迫切需要学界从不同视角提出有价值的治理参考思路。在“湖泊—流域”复合系统中,湖泊作为流域的集水中心,生境优越,物种丰富,生态服务功能较强,是流域内各类生态过程的重要起点和生态功能的外溢基地,对流域生态环境具有强烈的辐射和扩散效应。基于此,本研究借鉴物理学概念,综合考虑湖泊规模、空间距离、介质类型等因素,对传统场强模型进行了合理改进,构建了一个湖泊生态影响域测度模型。利用该模型对云南洱海流域的4个主要湖泊的生态影响域进行定量测定,并进行可视化分级显示。结果显示,流域内最大湖泊(洱海)的生态影响域占流域总面积的比重高达99.3093%,与其他3个湖泊相比具有压倒性优势；根据影响强度(场强)大小,将洱海生态影响域划分为高、中、低3种类型,在流域总面积中的比重依次为17.27%、22.95%、59.78%。生态文明建设是流域综合治理的重要举措,根据影响域空间格局特征制定相应的生态文明建设分区实施路径,非常有利于提高流域生态治理绩效。根据各区域自然、人文地理特征,研究认为对洱海生态高影响域而言,应将绿色村落、清洁田园、生态旅游建设作为缓冲区建设的重要抓手,同时应将生态修复与水土保持作为海东地区建设的重要依托；对中影响域而言,应提高苍山水源涵养与水土保持功能,着力构建十八溪截蓄净化带；对低影响域而言,应大力治理农业面源污染,全面调整农业产业结构,推动农业循环经济发展。相较于洱海,其他3个湖泊影响域面积极小,应大力做好湖泊湿地保护工作,避免湿地被侵占和自然萎缩,着力维护湖泊与流域的物质、能量及功能联系通道。本研究为云南洱海流域及全国类似湖泊流域的生态治理提供了参考依据,同时在一定程度上丰富和发展了生态学、地理学相关的理论、技术与方法体系,因而具有重要的实践价值和科学意义。属性不符
[Abstract]:There are many lakes in China, and the problems of lake basin pollution and ecological degradation are very common. It is urgent for the academic circles to put forward valuable reference ideas from different angles of view in the "lake basin" complex system. As the catchment center of the river basin, lakes have superior habitat, abundant species and strong ecological service function. They are the important starting point of various ecological processes and the spillover base of ecological function in the basin. There are strong radiation and diffusion effects on the ecological environment of the watershed. Based on this, the paper draws lessons from the physical concept and considers the factors such as lake scale, space distance, medium type and so on. Based on the reasonable improvement of the traditional field strength model, a measurement model of the ecological impact domain of lakes was constructed, which was used to quantitatively determine the ecological impact areas of four main lakes in Erhai Lake Basin of Yunnan Province. The results show that the ecological impact area of the largest lake (Erhai Lake) in the basin accounts for 99.3093% of the total area of the basin, which has an overwhelming advantage compared with the other three lakes. According to the influence intensity (field strength), Erhai Lake was divided into three types: high, middle and low, and the proportion in the total area of the basin was 17.272.95%. The construction of ecological civilization is an important measure for the comprehensive management of the watershed. According to the spatial pattern characteristics of the influence region, the corresponding implementation path of the ecological civilization construction zonation is worked out. It is very helpful to improve the performance of watershed ecological management. According to the natural and humanistic geographical characteristics of each region, it is considered that green villages should be cleaned and pastoral areas should be cleaned for the ecological high impact areas of Erhai Lake. Ecotourism construction is an important part of buffer zone construction, and ecological restoration and soil and water conservation should be regarded as the important support of Haidong area construction. For the middle influence area, we should improve the function of water conservation and soil and water conservation in Cangshan Mountain, and construct the 18 River intercepting and purifying zone. For the low impact area, we should make great efforts to control agricultural non-point source pollution, adjust the agricultural industrial structure in an all-round way, and promote the development of agricultural circular economy. Compared with Erhai Lake, the other three lakes have a very small impact area. We should make great efforts to protect lakes and wetlands, avoid encroachment and natural atrophy of wetlands, and strive to maintain the material of lakes and watersheds. This study provides a reference for the ecological management of Erhai Lake Basin in Yunnan and similar lake basins in China, and to some extent enriches and develops the theories of ecology and geography. The system of technology and method has important practical value and scientific significance.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X524

【参考文献】