洪泽湖湿地典型抗生素污染特征与生态风险

发布时间：2018-02-07 17:05

本文关键词： 洪泽湖抗生素检测方法优化污染特征生态风险评价　出处：《南京林业大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近年来,抗生素在环境中的残留及其生态风险引起了广泛关注。国内学者已经开始开展全国包括北京、辽宁、江苏、广州、四川等地区境内的各个水体中抗生素污染特征的研究。洪泽湖作为我国主要的渔业养殖基地,其必然也受到抗生素的污染,但是目前关于此区域的抗生素污染特征与生态风险尚不清楚。因此,本文主要研究了淮河入洪泽湖口区域中典型抗生素:诺氟沙星(NOR)、恩诺沙星(ENR)、氧氟沙星(OFL)、环丙沙星(CIP)和土霉素(OTC)在丰水期和枯水期的污染特征,并对其进行生态风险评估。主要研究结果如下:(1)对现有高效液相色谱-质谱检测药物的方法进行优化:通过对锥孔电压、碰撞能量等质谱参数和液相色谱分离条件的优化,建立了能同时分析水体中5种(诺氟沙星、土霉素、恩诺沙星、氧氟沙星和环丙沙星)痕量药物的高灵敏度的检测分析方法。选用ORB-AX C18液相色谱柱(4.6mm×150mm×5.0um),色谱柱出峰正常,无拖尾现象。在优化的仪器条件下,标准曲线线性方程均有良好的线性相关性,并且线性范围广,回归系数R均达到0.99以上。(2)淮河入洪泽湖口水体中只检测出诺氟沙星(NOR)和恩诺沙星(ENR)两种抗生素,诺氟沙星(NOR)丰水期检出浓度14~579ng/L,其中养鱼场浓度为136~579ng/L,枯水期检出浓度4.9ng/L~60ng/L,其中养鱼场浓度8.5~60 ng/L,恩诺沙星(ENR)只在丰水期检测出,且浓度较低为1~10ng/L,说明该区域水产养殖中大量使用诺氟沙星(NOR)。同时检测了老子山镇污水处理厂的进出水口水样。检测出诺氟沙星(NOR)、恩诺沙星(ENR)、氧氟沙星(OFL)和环丙沙星(CIP)4种抗生素。传统污水处理工艺对高浓度(280ng/L)NOR去除效果极低4%,对低浓度的NOR(41ng/L)和其他3种(ENR、OFL、CIP)抗生素的去除率均大于77%。对枯水期底泥进行检测,底泥抗生素分布趋势与水体一致。(3)懫用药物生态风险评估模型与方法(商值法RQs)对水体中抗生素进行生态风险评估。评价结果表明,在丰水期,养鱼场水体中诺氟沙星(NOR)浓度对敏感生物存在高风险,枯水期养鱼场水体中NOR浓度存在中等风险。诺氟沙星(NOR)为淮河入洪泽湖口主要抗生素污染物,其主要污染源为水产养殖使用。采用欧盟常用的暴露浓度预测模型EMEA模型估算底泥中抗生素浓度,估算出的底泥中各抗生素预测浓度是水体中检出浓度的1000多倍,但远远小于实测值。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the residues of antibiotics in the environment and their ecological risks have attracted extensive attention. Domestic scholars have begun to develop national programs including Beijing, Liaoning, Jiangsu, Guangzhou, Study on the characteristics of antibiotic contamination in various Water bodies in Sichuan and other regions. As the main fishery breeding base in China, Hongze Lake is bound to be polluted by antibiotics. However, the characteristics of antibiotic contamination and ecological risks in this area are not clear. In this paper, the pollution characteristics of typical antibiotics (Norfloxacin, enrofloxacin, OFLL, ciprofloxacin) and oxytetracycline (OTC) in the estuary of Hongze Lake into Huaihe River were studied. The main results are as follows: 1) optimize the existing methods for the detection of drugs by high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry: optimize the parameters of mass spectrometry such as cone hole voltage, collision energy and separation conditions of liquid chromatography. A high sensitivity method was established for the simultaneous determination of five trace drugs (norfloxacin, oxytetracycline, enrofloxacin, ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin) in water. The ORB-AX C18 liquid chromatographic column was used for the determination of five trace drugs (norfloxacin, oxytetracycline, enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin). Under the optimized instrument condition, the linear equations of the standard curve have good linear correlation, and the linear range is wide. The regression coefficient R was above 0.99.) only two antibiotics, norfloxacin and enrofloxacin) were detected in the estuary of Huai River into Hongze Lake. Norfloxacin (Norfloxacin) was detected at 14579 ng / L during the high water season, in which the fish farm concentration was 136ng / L, 579ng / L, and in the dry season the detectable concentration was 4.9ng / L 60 ng / L, among which the fish farm concentration was 8.5ng / L and the enrofloxacin ENR was only detected in the high water period. The low concentration of Nofloxacin / L was 1 ~ 10 ng / L, indicating that Norfloxacin was widely used in aquaculture in this region. At the same time, the inlet and outlet water samples of Laozi Shan Town sewage treatment Plant were detected. Norfloxacin, enrofloxacin, enrofloxacin, enrofloxacin, ofloxacin OFLL) and cycloprofloxacin were detected. The removal efficiency of the traditional wastewater treatment process for the high concentration of 280ng / L nor is extremely low, and the removal rate for the low concentration of NORA 41ng / L) and the other three kinds of ENR OFLCIPs are all higher than 770.The sediment in the dry season is detected. The distribution trend of antibiotics in sediment is consistent with that of water body.) the ecological risk assessment model and method (quotient method RQs) are used to evaluate the ecological risk of antibiotics in water body. The concentration of norfloxacin in fish farm water is a high risk to sensitive organisms, and the concentration of NOR in fish farm water during dry season is a moderate risk. Norfloxacin Nor is the main antibiotic pollutant in the mouth of Hongze Lake in Huaihe River. The main source of pollution is aquaculture. The EMEA model is used to estimate the antibiotic concentration in sediment, and the predicted concentration of antibiotics in sediment is more than 1 000 times than that in water. But it is far less than the measured value.
【学位授予单位】：南京林业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X52

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