水功能区达标规划中的点源削减量分配方法应用研究

发布时间：2018-02-10 05:53

本文关键词： 水功能区削减量分配熵值法改进的等比例分配法　出处：《扬州大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：水功能区点源削减量的合理分配对保障水功能区水环境质量以及促进水功能区范围内的经济社会发展具有重要意义。而目前,在水功能区水污染物削减量分配方面的研究尚少,已有的分配方案无论在原则上还是方法上都尚不完善,且难以实施。本文以扬州市68个水功能区内的古运河扬州景观娱乐、工业用水区为研究实例,以削减量分配满足公平性为基本原则,兼顾各排污单位的经济技术水平差异,提出“水功能区-污染源”的分配主线,采用改进后的等比例分配法,得到符合公平性原则兼顾各排污单位经济现状的分配结果。研究得出了以下结论：(1)通过对总量控制、水环境容量、受纳水域允许纳污量等指标的综述可知：总量分配、环境容量分配、容许排污量分配以及削减量分配等,其实质基本相同,表明科学合理地分配各点源的削减量也是实现总量控制目标的关键问题之一。分析了等比例分配法、等贡献率分配法等4种分配方法的优缺点、适用范围,指出基尼系数法不适用于特定水功能区点源的分配研究。(2)为体现削减量分配的公平性与差异性,兼顾到实际的可操作性,笔者对等比例分配法进行了改进。指标体系涵盖了行业特征、处理成本、污染源位置、废水处理技术成熟度以及企业经济承受能力5个方面。考虑到国家产业政策的调整,在前人研究的基础上增加了行业特征这个指标,用单位工业增加值的排污量来表征。(3)扬州市2013年68个水功能区的水质达标率仅为59.4%,与2015年的规划目标相比,还存在一定差距,说明必须对水功能区入河污染物量进行控制。因此,需对水功能区内各排污口排放的污染物进行合理地削减。(4)以扬州古运河景观娱乐、工业用水区为实证研究,根据熵值法得出的指标权重,其中单位工业增加值的排污量在各个因素中所占的权重最大,说明其对分配的影响也最大,其余因素的影响从大到小依次为：净利润、与控制断面的距离、吨水处理费用、工业废水污染物去除率。对等比例分配法和改进的等比例分配法的分配结果进行比较,虽然分配结果不完全一致,但是改进后的等比例分配法的分配结果与等比例分配法的趋势基本一致,说明行业特征、污染源位置等因素对于分配结果的影响还是得到了很好的体现。
[Abstract]:The rational distribution of point source reduction in water function areas is of great significance to the protection of water environment quality and the promotion of economic and social development within water function areas. However, at present, there are few studies on the reduction and distribution of water pollutants in water function areas. The existing distribution scheme is not perfect in principle or method, and it is difficult to carry out. This paper takes the ancient canal Yangzhou landscape entertainment and industrial water use area of Yangzhou as an example. Based on the principle of fairness in reducing quantity distribution, taking into account the difference of economic and technical level of each sewage unit, the main line of allocation of "water function area-pollution source" is put forward, and the improved equal proportion distribution method is adopted. According to the principle of fairness, the distribution results of the economic status of each sewage unit are given consideration. The following conclusions are drawn: (1) by summarizing the indexes of total quantity control, water environmental capacity, and allowable amount of sewage in the receiving waters, the following conclusions can be obtained: total amount distribution, The distribution of environmental capacity, the distribution of allowable discharge and the distribution of reduced amount are basically the same in essence. It shows that the scientific and reasonable distribution of the reduction of each point source is also one of the key problems in achieving the goal of total quantity control. This paper points out that the Gini coefficient method is not suitable for the study of point source allocation in specific water function areas, which reflects the fairness and difference of the distribution of the reduced amount, and gives consideration to the practical maneuverability of the four distribution methods, and points out that the Gini coefficient method is not suitable for the distribution of point sources in specific water function areas. The author has improved the method of equal proportion distribution. The index system covers five aspects: industry characteristics, treatment cost, pollution source location, technological maturity of wastewater treatment and economic bearing capacity of enterprises. On the basis of previous studies, the index of industry characteristics is added, and the discharge amount of added value per unit industry is used to characterize the water quality of 68 water function areas in Yangzhou City in 2013. The water quality reaches the standard rate of only 59.4%, compared with the planning target of 2015, there is still a certain gap. It is necessary to control the amount of pollutants discharged into the river in the water function area. Therefore, it is necessary to reasonably reduce the pollutants discharged from each discharge outlet in the water function area. (4) take Yangzhou ancient canal landscape entertainment and industrial water use area as an empirical study. According to the index weight obtained by entropy method, the weight of sewage discharge per unit industrial added value is the largest among all the factors, which shows that the influence on distribution is also the biggest, and the influence of other factors from big to small is: net profit. The results are compared with those of the control section, the cost of water treatment per ton, the removal rate of pollutants from industrial wastewater, the distribution results of the equal proportion distribution method and the improved equal proportion distribution method, although the distribution results are not completely consistent. However, the distribution results of the improved equal proportion distribution method are basically consistent with the trend of the equal proportion distribution method, which shows that the effects of industry characteristics, pollution source location and other factors on the distribution results are well reflected.
【学位授予单位】：扬州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：X52

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