我国污染物排放总量控制政策研究

发布时间：2018-02-12 21:19

本文关键词： 污染物排放总量控制环境问题环境问题分析　出处：《山东大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：自以蒸汽机为标志的工业文明开始,环境问题逐渐成为了人类发展所面临的突出问题。世界范围内的环境问题促使人类进行自我反思,对环境问题实质的认识也逐步加深。自日本首先提出污染物排放总量控制这一概念后,发达国家纷纷采用,以作为自己国家的一项重要环境制度。污染物排放总量控制成为了解决世界性环境和气候问题的途径。我国上世纪80年代末提出了污染物排放总量控制。随着我国经济粗放式发展导致生态环境不断恶化和人们对环境质量的不断重视,污染物排放总量控制也逐渐成为了我国最重要的环境制度之一。我国污染物排放总量控制不仅仅作为一项能够减少污染排放和改善环境的政策制度,还被寄予了“调结构、转方式”的重望,以完成污染物排放总量控制任务和改善环境来倒逼结构调整,以实现发展方式的转变。作为最大的发展中国家,我国面临巨大的资源环境压力和艰巨的发展任务,探寻促进污染物排放总量控制的良策,并以此推动经济社会的又好又快发展,具有重要的理论和实践意义。本文旨在研究我国污染物排放总量控制,采用定性分析和定量分析相结合的研究方法,通过查找文献、案例分析,结合实际工作考察污染物排放总量控制的各项制度,从目标、框架和手段三方面对我国污染物排放总量控制进行分析,认为我国污染物排放总量控制改善环境质量的效果不明显,与环境质量关联度不高；污染物排放总量控制相关法律还不完善；在手段选择上,命令控制为主,有经济效率不高、持续改进性不好、公平性有待考量等问题；从实际案例出发分析了我国污染物排放总量控制外部性内部化较弱的问题。最后给出了完善相关法律法规、采用经济激励手段、建立排污权交易市场等建议。
[Abstract]:Since the industrial civilization marked by steam engine, environmental problems have gradually become a prominent problem in the development of human beings. Since Japan first put forward the concept of total pollutant emission control, developed countries have adopted it one after another. As an important environmental system in our country, total pollutant emission control has become the way to solve the world environmental and climate problems. In -20s, China put forward the total pollutant emission control. Extensive economic development in China has led to the continuous deterioration of the ecological environment and the constant attention paid by people to the quality of the environment. Total pollutant emission control has gradually become one of the most important environmental systems in China. Total pollutant discharge control in China is not only a policy system that can reduce pollution emissions and improve the environment, but also has been placed on the "regulatory structure". "the transformation of the mode of development, in order to achieve the task of controlling the total discharge of pollutants and improving the environment in order to reverse structural adjustment in order to achieve the transformation of the mode of development... as the largest developing country," Facing enormous pressure of resources and environment and arduous task of development, China is looking for a good way to control the total amount of pollutants discharged, and to promote the sound and rapid development of the economy and society. It is of great theoretical and practical significance. The purpose of this paper is to study the total emission control of pollutants in China, adopt the research method of combining qualitative analysis with quantitative analysis, by looking up the literature, case analysis, Combined with practical work, this paper investigates the systems of total pollutant emission control, and analyzes the total pollutant discharge control in China from three aspects: goal, framework and means. It is concluded that the effect of total pollutant discharge control in improving environmental quality is not obvious, and the correlation with environmental quality is not high; the relevant laws on total pollutant discharge control are not perfect; in the choice of means, command control is the main method, and the economic efficiency is not high. The problems such as poor continuous improvement, fairness to be taken into account, and the weakness of externalization of total pollutant emission control in China are analyzed from practical cases. Finally, the improvement of relevant laws and regulations and the adoption of economic incentives are given. The establishment of emission trading market and other proposals.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X321

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