基于含酚有机废水处理的碱式盐催化剂研究

发布时间：2018-02-12 22:29

  本文关键词： 催化湿式过氧化氢氧化 碱式硫酸铜 苯酚废水　出处：《东南大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：苯酚和酚类化合物是一类广泛应用于石化单元、制药、炼油厂和染料、塑料行业的化工原料,所以工业废水中不可避免地含有这些化合物。由于含酚废水对人类健康和水生生物具有极大的危害,所以含酚废水在直接排放前必须经过处理。处理含酚废水的方法有很多,但生物法只对低浓度废水有效或者需要较长的处理时间,这是因为苯酚是-种抗生物降解和高毒化合物。一些如吸附、膜过滤等物理方法适合处理高浓度废水,而化学方法中的催化湿式过氧化氢氧化法适合处理常见的中等浓度废水。该方法在温和的条件下最终能将有机物降解为水、二氧化碳和一些小分子产物,是废水处理的最常用方法,尤其是对难降解污染物。但是催化湿式过氧化氢氧化法中常用的Fenton催化剂只适合在pH=3.5左右处理废水。其他一些含铜催化剂催化效果不是特别理想或者是处理后的废水中铜离子含量过高,造成二次污染。碱式铜盐降解有机物取得了良好的效果,且碱式盐的制备方法简单,稳定性好,降解有机物条件温和,效果好。基于这样的认识,本文以非均相催化湿式过氧化氢氧化法和碱式硫酸铜为催化剂处理含酚废水。以自行配制的苯酚废水为研究对象,考察了温度、双氧水用量、初始pH和催化剂用量对催化氧化处理苯酚废水效果的影响。结果表明：在50℃、常压、自然pH值(6.88)的最佳条件下,使用0.13g/LCu4(OH)6SO4-A,2.5倍理论量的H2O2,降解150mL100mg/L的苯酚废水,苯酚去除率在10 min时就能达到99%,180 min的时候COD去除率能达到97%。本文采用三种不同的水热法合成不同孔径的碱式硫酸铜：水胆矾Cu4(OH)6SO4-A, Cu4(OH)6SO4-B和块铜矾Cu3(OH)4S04。在相同条件下,分别用三种催化剂处理苯酚、甲基橙和酸性橙Ⅱ废水,并对催化剂的结构进行表征分析,从而解析该催化剂的构效关系。研究结果表明,碱式硫酸铜催化剂虽然比表面积较小,但孔径较大,且都大于有机物分子尺寸大小,减小了有机物向催化活性位扩散的扩散阻力,双氧水产生的羟基自由基能够有效快速氧化有机物；有机物分子尺寸越大时,三种催化剂的催化效果差异越大；孔径越大,催化剂活性越好。通过离心将催化剂从处理后的废水水中分离后用于回收测试。研究发现,碱式硫酸铜能够循环使用3次,在第三次使用中COD去除率虽然有所下降,但是仍然具有一定的催化效果。
[Abstract]:Phenol and phenolic compounds are a class of chemical raw materials that are widely used in petrochemical units, pharmaceuticals, refineries, dyestuffs and plastics. So it's inevitable that industrial wastewater contains these compounds. Because phenol wastewater is very harmful to human health and aquatic organisms, phenol wastewater must be treated before it can be discharged directly. There are many ways to treat phenol wastewater. But the biological process is only effective or takes a long time to treat low concentration wastewater, because phenol is a biodegradable and highly toxic compound. Some physical methods such as adsorption and membrane filtration are suitable for treating high concentration wastewater. The catalytic wet hydrogen peroxide oxidation process in the chemical method is suitable for the treatment of common medium concentration wastewater. Under mild conditions, organic matter can eventually be degraded into water, carbon dioxide and some small molecular products. Is the most commonly used method for wastewater treatment. Especially for refractory pollutants. But the Fenton catalysts commonly used in catalytic wet hydrogen peroxide oxidation are only suitable for treating wastewater around pH=3.5. Some other copper-containing catalysts are not ideal or after treatment. The content of copper ion in waste water is too high, The basic copper salt has achieved good results in the degradation of organic matter, and the preparation method of the basic salt is simple, the stability is good, the condition of degradation of organic matter is mild, and the effect is good. In this paper, phenol wastewater was treated with heterogeneous catalytic wet hydrogen peroxide oxidation method and basic copper sulfate as catalyst, the phenol wastewater prepared by ourselves was used as the research object, the temperature, the amount of hydrogen peroxide and the amount of hydrogen peroxide were investigated. The effect of initial pH and the amount of catalyst on the catalytic oxidation of phenol wastewater was studied. The results showed that under the optimum conditions of 50 鈩，

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