大连大孤山化学品码头海洋环境污染风险评估与应急对策研究

发布时间：2018-02-19 22:04

本文关键词： 化学品码头海洋环境污染风险评估应急对策　出处：《大连海事大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：·海洋约占地球表面的四分之三,海洋中蕴含着极其丰富的自然资源,其运输的经济性、方便性也带动了海上船舶运输业的快速发展,但同时海上船舶事故对海洋环境造成的污染也随之增加,事故发生的不确定性和海水的流动性使污染治理投入不断加大。因此,人们在关注海洋开发与利用的同时,同样也注重对海洋环境的保护。大连是一个三面环海的海滨城市,主要以旅游业、造船业、化工业和养殖业带动经济的发展。大孤山化学品码头位于大连开发区大孤山半岛,在大连湾和大窑湾之间,集水、陆、空便利条件于一体,地理位置优越。运输石油或化学品的船舶频繁的进出码头,增加了码头企业应对污染防治工作的强度。如果发生溢油事故或化学品泄漏事故势必会造成附近海域环境的污染,导致海水水质、养殖业、渔业、海滨旅游景区和人类健康都受到危害。本文通过对近年来国内外海洋污染事故进行统计,对海上发生的船舶溢油事故、化学品泄露事故和火灾爆炸事故的危害、原因进行分析,结合码头主要涉及的化学品货物的理化性质以及大孤山附近海域的海洋环境特点；对船舶运输中可能发生的污染事故对化学品码头和海洋环境造成的污染进行风险评估；通过建立海上溢油漂移、化学品扩散模型完成对污染物的漂移预测计算。结果表明污染事故对海域附近的三山岛海珍品保护区和南部棒棰岛、付家庄等滨海旅游区将造成严重的影响。本文目的是就大连大孤山化学品码头可能发生的船舶溢油事故、化学品泄漏事故和火灾爆炸事故等对海洋环境造成的污染做出风险评估,并提出了相应的应急对策和可行性建议。
[Abstract]::: the oceans account for approximately 3/4 of the Earth's surface and contain extremely rich natural resources, the economy and convenience of their transport, which have also contributed to the rapid development of the maritime shipping industry. But at the same time, the pollution caused by marine accidents to the marine environment also increases, and the uncertainty of accidents and the mobility of sea water make the investment of pollution treatment increasing. Therefore, people pay attention to the development and utilization of the ocean at the same time. Dalian is a coastal city surrounded by the sea on three sides, mainly driven by tourism, shipbuilding, chemical industry and aquaculture. The Dagushan Chemical Wharf is located in the Dagushan Peninsula of Dalian Development Zone. Between Dalian Bay and Dayaowan Bay, water, land and air facilities are integrated and the location is superior. Ships transporting oil or chemicals frequently enter and leave the wharf. Increased the intensity of the wharf enterprises' efforts to prevent and control pollution. If oil spills or chemical spills occur, they will inevitably cause environmental pollution in the nearby sea areas, resulting in seawater quality, aquaculture, and fisheries. Seaside tourist spots and human health are all endangered. Through statistics of marine pollution accidents at home and abroad in recent years, the paper analyzes the hazards of oil spill accidents, chemical leakage accidents and fire and explosion accidents occurring at sea. Combined with the physical and chemical properties of the chemical cargo involved in the terminal and the characteristics of the marine environment near Dagushan, the risk assessment of the pollution caused by the possible pollution accidents in the ship transportation to the chemical wharf and the marine environment is carried out. The prediction calculation of pollutant drift was completed by establishing the oil spill drift model and chemical diffusion model. The results showed that the pollution accident caused to the sea treasure reserve of Sanshan Island and the southern Bangchui Island, near the sea area. The coastal tourist areas such as Fujiazhuang will have a serious impact. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the possible oil spill accidents in Dalian Dagushan Chemical Wharf. The risk assessment of marine environment pollution caused by chemical leakage accident and fire explosion accident was made, and the corresponding emergency countermeasures and feasibility suggestions were put forward.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X82;X55

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