基于荧光峰值捕捉原理的溢油检测系统设计

发布时间：2018-03-02 05:02

  本文关键词： 荧光检测 水面溢油 激光模拟 滤光片 峰值捕捉　出处：《中国海洋大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：二十一世纪是海洋世纪,海洋的开发利用具有重大意义。要开发利用海洋,首先要保护海洋,因为海洋是生命的摇篮。随着世界经济的发展,越来越多的海洋油气资源被开发利用。海洋运输是石油运输的主要方式,各种油类也是海洋运输的主要动力来源。随着人类海上活动范围的逐渐扩大和日益频繁,海洋油类污染已经成为了海洋污染的主要来源之一,影响了海洋生态环境。为了实现对海洋溢油事故进行及时准确的处理,就需要对海面溢油进行监测,并及时地通知相关工作人员溢油地区的具体位置和气象信息,以减小事故造成的损失和危害。本文设计的非接触式荧光法海面溢油监测设备,采用普通氙灯光源代替激光,以及采用物理方法和软件方法实现环境光的滤除,并基于荧光峰值捕捉原理实现了海面溢油的有效实时监测。解决的主要问题及相关技术有：(1) 分析基于荧光法油类检测方法,为设备研制莫定理论基础首先分析了国际和国内的溢油检测现状,并比较了各种溢油检测方法,最终确定使用荧光法进行检测。由于基于激光的荧光产生方式和基于光谱仪的荧光检测方法不适用于现场检测,提出了本文所述的非激光式荧光激发和非光谱仪式荧光检测方法。(2)搭建发射接收光路和峰值捕捉电路,解决系统设计中的关键问题利用氙光灯和滤光片的组合搭建模拟激光发射光路,解决了荧光的激发源问题：利用光电倍增管和滤光片的组合,解决了环境光的初步滤除和荧光的光电转换问题；设计并搭建了峰值捕捉电路,解决了荧光峰值捕捉问题。为设备的研制奠定了基础。(3)硬件和软件相互配合,完成系统设计硬件方面以STM32F107作为主控单元,配合超声波测距模块、GPS/GPRS模块、声光报警灯等多种外设完成水面溢油的监测报警。软件方面基于μC/OSⅡ操作系统设计了嵌入式下位机软件,完成对数据的高速处理以及对硬件的控制。系统设计充分考虑到无人值守、实时性、低功耗等要求,能自主独立完成水面溢油的监测和报警。本文解决了水面溢油检测中的一些关键问题。利用所设计的设备进行的大量实验说明,所设计的溢油监测系统能高效实时地完成水面溢油的检测,并能实现本地和远程报警,可实现溢油监测的网络化。该设备可广泛应用于港口、码头、石油输送管道附近等可能出现溢油的区域。
[Abstract]:21th century is the century of the ocean. The exploitation and utilization of the ocean is of great significance. In order to develop and utilize the ocean, we must first protect the ocean, because the ocean is the cradle of life. With the development of the world economy, More and more marine oil and gas resources are exploited and utilized. Ocean transportation is the main way of oil transportation, and various kinds of oil are also the main power source of ocean transportation. Marine oil pollution has become one of the main sources of marine pollution, which has affected the marine ecological environment. In order to achieve timely and accurate treatment of marine oil spills, it is necessary to monitor oil spills on the sea. In order to reduce the loss and harm caused by the accident, the non-contact fluorescent oil spill monitoring equipment is designed, and the ordinary xenon lamp light source is used instead of the laser, and the relevant staff are informed of the specific location and meteorological information of the oil spill area in time, so as to reduce the loss and harm caused by the accident. Using physical and software methods to realize environmental light filtering, and based on the principle of peak fluorescence capture, the effective real-time monitoring of oil spill on the sea surface is realized. The main problems and related techniques are: 1) Analysis of oil detection method based on fluorescence method, Firstly, the present situation of oil spill detection at home and abroad is analyzed, and various oil spill detection methods are compared. It is determined that fluorescence method is used for detection. Because the fluorescence generation method based on laser and the fluorescence detection method based on spectrometer are not suitable for field detection, In this paper, the non-laser fluorescence excitation and non-spectrometer fluorescence detection method. The key problems in the system design are solved by using the combination of xenon lamp and filter to build a simulated laser emission path, which solves the problem of the excitation source of fluorescence: using the combination of photomultiplier tube and filter, The primary filtering of environmental light and the photoelectric conversion of fluorescence are solved, the peak capture circuit is designed and built, the problem of peak fluorescence capture is solved, and the hardware and software cooperate with each other for the development of the equipment. To complete the hardware design of the system, STM32F107 is used as the main control unit, and the ultrasonic ranging module is combined with the GPS / GPRS module. Acousto-optic alarm lamp and other peripheral devices are used to monitor and alarm oil spill on the surface of water. In software, embedded lower computer software is designed based on 渭 C / OS 鈪，

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