北京工业开发区再生水利用模式及借鉴

发布时间：2018-03-07 02:12

本文选题：工业开发区再生水利用水量　切入点：水质及投融资路径　出处：《吉林大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着经济的发展和社会的进步，我国水资源短缺问题日趋严峻，北京作为我国的行政和经济中心，水资源尤为短缺。2013年北京市水资源总量为24.81亿立方米，按照年末常住人口2114.8万人计算，人均水资源占有量为117立方米，人多水少是北京的基本市情。水资源总量不足加之人口的逐年增长及工业的发展，使北京地区的用水形势更加不容乐观，市域范围内可开发利用的水资源大部分已经被开发利用，新增水源已相当困难，可见水资源短缺的严峻形势将成为制约北京社会和经济发展的重要因素。为了应对水危机，全世界都在积极探索获取淡水资源的途径，目前跨流域调水、海水淡化、污水回用和雨洪利用都能在一定程度上缓解水资源供需矛盾，特别是污水回用，由于水源就近可得、水量稳定、几乎不受气候影响的优势，逐渐成为了应对水危机的首选方案。北京市工业开发区众多，且一般多为高科技产业密集的工业区，这些产业存在用水标准严、用水量大等特点，但开发区每年均存在不同程度的用水缺口，为了缓解北京工业开发区水资源短缺的困境、保障开发区经济增长、促进开发区再生水资源的合理配置，明晰北京市工业开发区再生水利用的模式具有十分重要的意义，可为工业开发区再生水的发展提供技术借鉴，此外本研究也可以为国家有关部门的再生水利用指南编制、相关规范的修订等提供些许数据支撑，为再生水利用技术在科学研究、工程技术及指导应用层面的发展打下一定的基础。本文首先通过对北京市工业开发区工业企业性质及其用水量需求、水质需求进行摸底调查，摸清工业开发区各类工业企业的用水量规律和水质要求，统计潜在再生水用户需求，并在用水量规律的基础上，针对不同用户的用水特点分析并预测其对再生水的需求量，根据用户对再生水的用途把再生水划分不同的水质标准——高品质再生水和普通品质再生水，随后，通过对比分析国内外工业再生水用水水质标准，给出适合工业开发区的再生水水质标准。同国外相比，我国在污水再生利用方面的研究及应用起步较晚。因此，本文在第三章主要研究探讨了工业开发区再生水利用技术，分析了膜技术在工业开发区再生水利用中的适宜性，并结合北京市具体再生水厂工程案例对高品质再生水生产利用进行了实例分析。在本文研究内容的最后，对我国目前水务产业BOT、PPP、PFI等市场化投融资模式进行了研究，并对比分析各投融资路径的优缺点，为再生水利用项目的投融资选择奠定理论基础。本文提供的研究思路可供工业开发区再生水利用项目参考借鉴，即按照再生水用水水量、再生水用水水质、再生水利用技术、项目确立及实施等几个方面的先后次序，对再生水利用项目展开全方位的、系统化的研究，在此基础上安排再生水利用项目的建设，通过研究、分析，我们发现： ⑴在再生水水量方面，电子信息及汽车等支柱性企业是高品质再生水的消费大户，因此在再生水配置时应充分考虑大用户，以满足其对再生水水质、水量的需求，此外建筑容积率在一定程度上影响水量的需求，容积率上升意味着工业用户的增加，高品质再生水在工业用水中需求量就会增加，，故容积率对再生水需求量的影响完全不同于常规城市建设区域； ⑵在再生水水质方面，在工业生产中不同的生产工艺对水质的要求是不一样的，工业用户一般需要将自来水进行高级深度处理后方可使用于生产当中，杂用、景观和一般工业用户对再生水水质仅要求低品质即可，低品质再生水水质重点强调人在使用再生水过程中的感官性状及卫生学方面的要求，而高品质再生水与之相比，表现出低浊度、低含盐量及低硬度等优良特性，可媲美自来水水质。工业开发区在再生水配置时应根据用户的实际情况与经济性相权衡，以确定再生水的水质标准,一般高品质再生水也不能直接作为工业用户生产用水，节水的办法主要是以高品质再生水作为工艺生产用水的水源以替代原自来水水源，在此基础之上对高品质再生水进行更高层次的深度处理后再应用于工艺生产当中； ⑶在再生水生产技术方面，对比分析多种再生水生产核心工艺的技术及经济效能异同，发现不同的生产工艺均有其适用的场合，比如生物膜法适宜生产低品质再生水，“微/超滤+反渗透”双膜工艺可以生产高品质再生水，并且工程实践证明膜技术应用于工业开发区的再生水利用是适宜的，但开发区内再生水生产技术的选取还应综合考虑再生水水源水质特点、再生水用途以及再生水生产工艺的适用性等方面的因素； ⑷在水务投资机制方面，随着水务市场机制的建立与健全，更多的投资方式正逐渐在再生水项目当中得以运用，水务产业投融资的主体中逐渐以追求经济效益为目标的企业代替政府，水务项目的投资运营效率与经济效益得以不断提高，现阶段可供水务产业投融资市场化选择的模式主要有BOT、PPP、PFI等，水务产业的投融资模式均有其各自的优点及不足之处，对于工业开发区再生水项目的投融资方式，需根据项目具体情况灵活应用，不能死板地一味选择同一种投融资模式。再生水在开发区的普遍应用以及推广以实现节约用水和水资源循环利用是各界人士的普遍共识和大势所趋，国家和相关部门应该加大再生水的研究和推广，提高再生水的公众认知度，将再生水资源真正纳入到工业开发区循环经济的发展范畴，以实现水资源的良性循环。
[Abstract]:With the development of economy and society, the shortage of water resources in China is becoming increasingly serious, Beijing as the administrative and economic center of China's water resources, particularly the shortage of water resources in Beijing city in.2013 total of 2 billion 481 million cubic meters, calculated in accordance with the end of the resident population of 21 million 148 thousand people, who are the amount of water resources is 117 cubic meters, more than water less is the basic situation of Beijing. The insufficient water resources development and industrial growth and the population year by year, the Beijing area water situation more optimistic, the area within the scope of the development and use of water resources have been exploited, new water sources have been quite difficult, the grim situation of visible water shortage will become an important factor restricting Beijing economic and social development. In order to cope with the water crisis, all over the world are actively exploring ways of obtaining fresh water resources, the inter basin water transfer, desalination, wastewater reuse The use and rainwater utilization can alleviate the contradiction between supply and demand of water resources to a certain extent. Especially for sewage reuse, because of the availability of water, the water volume is stable, and is hardly affected by the climate. It has gradually become the first choice to deal with the water crisis.
Beijing City Industrial Development Zone, and more generally for the high-tech industrial area intensive industries, these industries are water standards and strict water consumption characteristics, etc., but the zone each year have different degrees of water gap, in order to alleviate the water resources shortage predicament of Beijing Industrial Development Zone, economic growth, security development zone, rational allocation to promote the development of renewable water resources of the region, has a very important meaning of Beijing City Industrial Development Zone, the use of recycled water, provides technical reference for the development of recycled water Industrial Development Zone, this study can also be recycled water with the guidelines for the preparation of the relevant departments of the state, provide some data to support the relevant revision of the specification. For the use of recycled water technology in scientific research, engineering development and guide the application level to lay a certain foundation.
This paper based on the industrial enterprises of Beijing City Industrial Development Zone Properties and water demand, water demand to thoroughly investigate, find out all kinds of industrial enterprises in the Industrial Development Zone, water requirements and water quality of reclaimed water, the statistical potential needs of users, and based on the law of water consumption, water consumption characteristics of different users according to the analysis and forecast of its the reclaimed water demand, according to the user use of reclaimed water to the reclaimed water division of different water quality standards -- high quality reclaimed water and reclaimed water quality in general, then, through the comparative analysis of domestic and foreign industrial standards of reclaimed water for water quality, are suitable for Industrial Development Zone of the reclaimed water quality standards.
Compared with foreign countries, China's sewage recycling research and application of a late start. Therefore, in the third chapter of this paper mainly discussed the Industrial Development Zone, the use of recycled water technology, analyzes the suitability of membrane technology in reclaimed water used in the Industrial Development Zone, and combined with the specific case of reclaimed water project of Beijing city water production and utilization a case analysis on the regeneration of high quality. At the end of this paper, on China's current water industry BOT, PPP, PFI and other market-oriented financing mode are studied, and the comparative analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of each financing path, lay a theoretical foundation for the choice of investment and financing projects with reclaimed water.
This research provides Industrial Development Zone, the use of recycled water project reference, that is in accordance with the recycled water water, water quality of reclaimed water, recycled water technology, project establishment and implementation and other aspects of the order, the use of recycled water project launched a full, systematic study, on the basis of arrange the use of recycled water project construction, through research, analysis, we found that:
In recycling water, electronic information and other pillar enterprises is the automobile consumer high-quality recycled water, recycled water in the configuration should fully consider the user, to meet the water quality, water demand, in addition the building volume rate in a certain extent impact on water demand, the volume rate means with the increase of industrial users, increase quality of reclaimed water in the industrial water demand will, so the volume effect of demand quantity of reclaimed water is completely different from the conventional city construction area;
In the reclaimed water quality, the different requirements of the production process in the industrial production of water is not the same, industrial users generally need to tap water before it can be used in advanced treatment of advanced production, service, landscape and general industrial users of reclaimed water quality requires only low quality, low quality of reclaimed water key emphasize the sensory properties and health of people in the use of recycled water in the process of requirements, and high quality reclaimed water compared to exhibit low turbidity, low salt content and low hardness and excellent properties, comparable to the water quality of tap water. Industrial Development Zone should be based on the actual situation and the economy of the user's balance in reclaimed water the configuration, to determine the water quality standard of reclaimed water, the general high quality reclaimed water have no direct industrial production water users as water-saving way is mainly to high-quality recycled water as process. The source of water for production is to replace original tap water. On this basis, a high level of advanced treatment of high quality recycled water is applied to process production.
In the production of recycled water technology, comparative analysis of similarities and differences of technology and economic efficiency a variety of recycled water production of the core technology, the production process is found for different occasions, such as the biological membrane method is suitable for the production of low quality reclaimed water, micro / ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis membrane technology can double the production of high-quality recycled water, recycled water conservancy and engineering practice shows that the application of membrane technology in the industrial development zone is suitable, but selected in the development zone of reclaimed water production technology should also consider the reclaimed water quality characteristics, applicability of factors such as use of reclaimed water and reclaimed water production process;
In terms of water investment mechanism, with the establishment and perfect water market mechanism, more investment is gradually in the reclaimed water project to use, the main body of investment and financing of water industry gradually in the pursuit of economic efficiency as the goal of the enterprise instead of the government, the water project investment efficiency and economic benefit can be enhanced, at the present stage for the water industry investment and financing market choice are the main mode of BOT, PPP, PFI, investment and financing mode of the water industry has its own advantages and disadvantages, for the Industrial Development Zone of the reclaimed water project investment and financing, according to the specific circumstances of the project application is flexible, not rigid blindly with a choice the investment and financing mode.
The reclaimed water in the zone of universal application and promotion in order to achieve water conservation and recycling of water resources is the general consensus from all walks of life and represent the general trend, countries and relevant departments should strengthen the research and promotion of the reclaimed water, raise public awareness of reclaimed water and reclaimed water resources into the development of the field of industrial circular economy development zone and in order to achieve a virtuous cycle of water resources.

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X703

【参考文献】