辽河流域河流生态环境特征及其分类研究

发布时间：2018-03-09 06:07

本文选题：空间插值　切入点：河流生态系统　出处：《辽宁大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：河流生态系统特征的研究是在地理空间上进行不同河段特征的差异分析,随着统计分析软件的不断发展,空间插值技术得以实现。但插值技术仍呈现插值对象角度单一、数据源质量要求高等问题。如何应用开源的统计软件建立适合在河流上广泛应用的插值处理方法是本文研究的主要研究问题。辽河流域是我国7大河流之一,近年来,随人口增长,逐渐出现水资源过渡利用、水质污染、珍稀水生生物灭绝等严重问题。本文通过全流域大指标量的空间插值,分析辽河流域理化现状,分别对辽河的两大流域进行河流分类处理,有利于辽河流域进行科学性的分区、分级管理,并提出有效措施加以保护及改善。本文研究主要内容包括以下几部分:(1)在系统归纳总结国内外有关河流分类研究的基础上,分析现有河流分类体系和方法。提出现有的河流分类体系的不足之处:即研究尺度多停留在流域和样点尺度上难以更微观更系统的研究河流生态系统;研究角度过于单一没有从多学科背景下综合分析进行河流分类管理。本文的意义在于使用新的空间插值方法,使得基于河段尺度上的多角度河流分析、分类得以实现。(2)建立空间插值方法,针对辽河流域生态系统特征,根据现有地理空间处理软件(Arc GIS)及统计软件(R)特征性能,形成了应用在河段尺度上的空间插值方法。应用Arc GIS进行河流、样点及随机点数据的预处理,生成可供R调用的SSN包,进行河段数据插值。(3)对东、西辽河和辽河干流流域及浑太河流域进行生态环境特征分析,将水体物理化学指标、水化营养盐指标、河流生境指标及水生生物指标分别进行插值处理。根据各指标间理化关系,探索河流生态系统健康发展的主导因子。(4)对东、西辽河和辽河干流流域及浑太河流域数据分别进行聚类分析,并列表展示各河流分类单元的主导功能。拟为辽河流域分区管理提供科学理论依据。
[Abstract]:The study of river ecosystem features is to analyze the differences of different river reach characteristics in geographical space. With the continuous development of statistical analysis software, spatial interpolation technology is realized, but interpolation technology still presents a single angle of interpolation object. How to use the open source statistical software to establish the interpolation processing method suitable for wide application on rivers is the main research problem in this paper. Liaohe River Basin is one of the seven major rivers in China in recent years. With the increase of population, serious problems such as water resources utilization, water pollution, rare aquatic organisms extinction and so on appear gradually. This paper analyzes the physical and chemical status of Liaohe river basin by spatial interpolation of large index quantity. The classification of the two major river basins in the Liaohe River Basin is beneficial to the scientific division and management of the Liaohe River Basin. And put forward effective measures to protect and improve. The main contents of this paper include the following parts: 1) on the basis of systematically summing up the research on the classification of rivers at home and abroad, This paper analyzes the existing river classification system and methods, and points out the shortcomings of the existing river classification system: that is, it is difficult to study the river ecosystem more microscopically and systematically on the scale of river basin and sample point; The significance of this paper is to use a new spatial interpolation method to make multi-angle river analysis based on the scale of river reach. According to the characteristics of the ecosystem of Liaohe River Basin, according to the characteristics of the existing geospatial processing software Arc GISand the statistical software, the method of spatial interpolation is established. The spatial interpolation method applied to the river reach scale is formed. Using Arc GIS to preprocess the data of the river, sample points and random points, to generate the SSN package that can be called by R, and to carry out the interpolation of the river reach data. The ecological and environmental characteristics of the West Liaohe River, Liaohe main River Basin and Huantai River Basin were analyzed, and the physical and chemical indexes of water body, the hydration nutrition salt index, The river habitat index and aquatic biological index were interpolated respectively. According to the physicochemical relationship among the indexes, the main factor of the healthy development of river ecosystem was explored. The data of West Liaohe River, Liaohe main River Basin and Huantai River Basin are analyzed by cluster analysis, and the dominant functions of each river classification unit are shown in parallel table, which is intended to provide scientific theoretical basis for the zonal management of Liaohe River Basin.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X143

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