贡湖湾水源地水质风险问题识别研究

发布时间：2018-03-12 18:13

本文选题：贡湖湾　切入点：风险评价　出处：《江南大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：太湖贡湖湾是太湖东北方向上的一个湖泊,其位置在无锡和苏州之间,是两市重要的水源地。因此为了能更好的反应贡湖湾中的风险问题,本研究通过调研贡湖湾水源地及周边概况,在2013.3-2014.2对贡湖湾水源地以及周边河流进行了采样,检测了其物理指标、营养盐指标、藻毒素、重金属、抗生素,把它们与相应的标准进行对比(没有标准的建立新的标准),分析评价了其风险问题。以期为监测和管理太湖(贡湖湾)流域提供科学依据。(1)把贡湖湾分成北区和南区。两个区域的氮素和磷素含量都超过重营养标准(《地表水环境质量标准》(GB3838-2002)中规定的Ⅴ类水标准)。建立“水华风险指数法”并通过“面积评价法”评价贡湖湾中的水华风险,全年整体风险先升高后降低,在8、9月份风险程度最高。整个湖湾全年呈现出西高东低,北高南低的态势;在夏季8、9月份超高风险和高风险分别占21.2%、52.7%和18.2%、1.5%,说明贡湖湾水源地中水华已经构成风险问题。(2)通过检测发现,MCs在3-6月较低,7月开始急剧上升,9月达到最高值(0.22μg?L-1),通过与新建立的MC风险级别对比,表明贡湖湾中全年抗生素含量处于低风险状态。根据美国EPA关于水环境健康评估模型计算得出全年中HI值都小于1,说明对人体健康危害程度较小。(3)把测定的沉积物重金属数据含量平均值和《土壤环境质量标准》(GB15618-1995)以及土壤环境背景值做对比,Pb、Cd平均值远高于土壤环境质量一级标准,对比土壤环境背景值,表明重金属Pb、Cd近年来的增长趋势明显,贡湖湾流域重金属Pb和Cd已经构成了风险问题;重金属Cu、Zn和Ni含量是土壤背景值的1.5倍以上,存在潜在的风险问题。潜在生态危害指数计算中,由单因子潜在危害系数??????得出,各点位表层沉积物主要生态风险因子是元素Pb和Cd,最高值出现在N3点位,达到中等危害程度;通过潜在生态危害指数RI可知,N3和N4点位处于中等生态危害。对比不同金属对潜在生态危害指数的贡献值,各点位表层沉积物主要生态风险因子仍是Cd。(4)贡湖湾16种抗生素检测结果表明,除磺胺醋酰(SAAM)、磺胺间二甲基嘧啶(SDM)和磺胺间二甲基嘧啶(SDM)外,其余抗生素均有检出。检出水平为:土霉素(OTC)四环素(TC)金霉素(CTC)磺胺甲氧哒嗪(SMP)氧氟沙星(OFL)诺氟沙星(NOR)甲氧苄氨嘧啶(TMP)恩诺沙星(ENR)环丙沙星(CIP)罗红霉素(ROX)磺胺甲基嘧啶(SMR)磺胺甲基异恶唑(SMX)磺胺奎恶啉(SQX)。依据欧盟的技术指导文件(TGD)中关于环境风险评价的方法风险熵值法来评价水体中抗生素风险状态,其中达到高生态风险抗生素共有5种,达到中等风险抗生素有4种,其余3种抗生素为低风险状态。
[Abstract]:The Gulf of Gong Lake in Taihu Lake is a lake in the northeast direction of Taihu Lake. It is located between Wuxi and Suzhou, and is an important source of water for the two cities. Therefore, in order to better respond to the risk problem in the Bay of Gong Lake, Based on the survey of the water source and its surrounding areas in the Gonghu Bay, the samples were taken from the source area and the surrounding rivers in the area from March to February 2012.The physical indexes, nutrient index, algal toxin, heavy metals, antibiotics were detected. Comparing them with the corresponding standards (no new standard is established, the risk problem is analyzed and evaluated, in order to provide scientific basis for monitoring and management of Taihu Lake (Gonghu Bay) basin), the Gonghu Bay is divided into North and South China. Southern region. The nitrogen and phosphorus contents in the two regions exceed the category V water standard specified in the heavy nutrition standard (Environmental quality Standard for Surface Water). The "Shui Hua risk Index method" is established and the risk of Shui Hua in the Gonghu Bay is evaluated by the area Evaluation method. The overall risk of the whole year increased first and then decreased, and the risk degree was the highest in August and September. The whole Huwan showed a trend of west high and east low, north high and south low. High risk and high risk accounted for 52.7% and 18.2% respectively in August and September in summer, indicating that Shui Hua has already posed a risk problem in the water source of Gonghu Bay.) by testing, it was found that MCs were low in March and June, and began to rise sharply on July, and reached the highest value of 0.22 渭 g in September? By comparing it with the newly established MC risk level, According to the EPA model of water environmental health assessment, the HI value in the whole year is less than 1, which indicates that the degree of harm to human health is small. The average content of heavy metals and the standard of soil environmental quality (GB15618-1995) and the background value of soil environment were compared, and the average value of Pb ~ (2 +) CD was much higher than that of the first grade standard of soil environmental quality. Comparing the soil environmental background value, it shows that the increasing trend of heavy metal Pb and CD is obvious in recent years, the heavy metals Pb and CD have become a risk problem in the Gonghu Bay basin, and the contents of Cu Zn and Ni are 1.5 times of the soil background value. There is a potential risk problem. In the calculation of potential ecological hazard index, the potential hazard coefficient of single factor? ? ? ? ? ? It is concluded that the main ecological risk factors of surface sediments at each site are elements Pb and CD, and the highest value appears at the N3 level, reaching the moderate hazard level. The potential ecological hazard index RI shows that N _ 3 and N _ 4 are in moderate ecological hazard, and the contribution of different metals to the potential ecological hazard index is compared. The main ecological risk factors of surface sediments at different sites were still Cd.t4). The results of 16 kinds of antibiotics in Gonghu Bay showed that, except for sulfadiazine, sulfadimethylpyrimidine (SDM) and sulfamethylpyrimidine (SDM), The other antibiotics were detected at the following levels: oxytetracycline tetracycline) chlortetracycline (CTC) sulfamethoxazide (OFLL) norfloxacin (TMPR) enrofloxacin (enrofloxacin) ciprofloxacin (CIP) roxithromycin) sulfamethylamine. Sulfamethoxazolium sulfamethoxazole (SMX) sulfamethoxaline squx.According to the European Union technical guidance document, the risk entropy method for environmental risk assessment was used to evaluate the risk status of antibiotics in water. Among them, there were 5 kinds of high ecological risk antibiotics, 4 middle risk antibiotics and 3 low risk antibiotics.
【学位授予单位】：江南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X52;X824

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