中国大范围雾霾期间空气污染空间分布特征研究

发布时间：2018-03-13 20:09

本文选题：空气污染指数　切入点：空气污染物　出处：《西北师范大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着经济的快速发展,工业化和城市化速度的加快,以及城市的扩张、城市机动车保有量的飞速增长和工业废弃的排放等,大气污染问题成为世界各国面临的最大挑战之一,其对气候、环境及人体健康产生重要影响,越来越受到各国政府的高度重视。我国的城市空气污染问题日益严重,阻碍着经济的发展和人民生活质量的提高,威胁着人类的生存。近年来,流行病学研究的结果证实了空气污染物与人体健康密切相关。国外相关研究结果也揭示了空气污染带来的健康损失在环境污染造成的总损失中占很大比例。因此,对大范围雾霾期间空气污染的研究,有助于了解我国空气污染的空间分布特征,可以为空气污染预测与防治提供科学参考。本文利用中国大范围雾霾期间(2011年1月~2013年12月期间的春季和冬季)的空气污染指数数据,分析空气污染指数的时空变化规律,在此基础上,进一步利用每日上午10点的瞬时空气污染物数据,分析大范围雾霾期间空气污染物浓度的时空变化规律。为了弥补地面监测站数据的不足,本文还利用MODIS产品估算大范围雾霾期间地面颗粒物质的空间分布,揭示近地面大气污染物的扩散趋势及空间分布特征,并初步探索大范围雾霾期形成的原因。结果显示:(1)利用全国120个重点城市每日公布的空气污染指数(API)数据,得出大范围雾霾期间空气污染指数的变化特征:从季节来看,近三年来全国空气质量呈现出春季逐渐减弱,冬季逐渐增强的趋势。从年度来看,近三来全国空气污染越来越严重,API值大于200的城市越来越多,呈现出从西北地区向中部以及东部逐渐扩展的趋势。(2)利用全国118个重点城市空气污染物浓度(PM2.5、PM10、SO2、NO2)数据,分析得出各种污染物空间分布特征如下:PM2.5高浓度区域初期位于内蒙古中部,之后主要在云贵高原,最后分布在东北地区西部和辽宁沿海。高浓度(151μg?m-3~200μg?m-3)区域面积随着时间的变化而不断增加,涵盖了除内蒙古中东部和华南沿海地区外的全国大部,空气污染呈现出越来越严重的态势;PM10浓度中度污染区(201μg?m-3~270μg?m-3)和轻度污染区(135μg?m-3~200μg?m-3)分布面积很大,从11.22~12.15日呈现不断增加的趋势,分布面积几乎覆盖了整个西北、华中、江淮和华北大部,随后向华南和东北地区扩展。PM10浓度小于50μg?m-3的区域极少,仅散布在四川盆地和内蒙古锡林郭勒盟等地;NO2浓度大于100μg?m-3的轻微及以上污染区面积较少,仅在11.15~12.05日之间出现,主要分布在新疆北部和西部及山东中部。NO2浓度50μg?m-3~100μg?m-3的区域基本上以京津冀和鄂鲁豫为中心扩展和消散变化。总体来看,NO2浓度的变化呈现出不断增加的态势,峰值出现在11.25~11.29日之间;东部地区的NO2浓度明显高于西部;SO2浓度大于235μg?m-3的中度及以上污染区面积极少,出现在11.15~12.05日之间,仅分布在两片地区:山东省的中北部和河南省、河北省的中南部;范围最大的时间段是11.30~12.05日之间。SO2浓度171μg?m-3~270μg?m-3的中度污染区大都位于淮河以北,近似呈带状分布。(3)利用MODIS数据进行大范围雾霾期间京津冀地区颗粒物质(PM2.5)的遥感估算,结果显示:遥感估算的结果与地面监测的结果比较接近,二者在分布趋势上表现出良好的一致性,相关系数为0.78,而且误差也相对较小。采用EOF方法分析其时空变化特征,通过第一、第二模态以及时间系数综合分析得出,随着时间的推移进入冬季,京津冀地区颗粒物质浓度呈现增大的趋势,进而表现出空气污染越来越严重的趋势。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of economy, industrialization and city to speed up, and the expansion of the city, the rapid growth of the amount of motor vehicles in city and industrial waste emissions, air pollution problems have become one of the biggest challenges facing the world, the climate, environment and human body health influence, more and more attention the government of the city. The problem of air pollution in China has become increasingly serious, hinder economic development and improve people's quality of life, threatening the survival of human beings. In recent years, the results of epidemiological studies confirmed that air pollutants and human health are closely related. The foreign research results also revealed a large proportion of the total loss of health loss of air the pollution caused in the environmental pollution. Therefore, research on air pollution during a wide range of haze, is helpful to understand the spatial distribution of air pollution in China The distribution characteristics, can provide scientific reference for the prediction and prevention of air pollution. In this paper, using a wide range of haze during the China (January 2011 ~2013 year in December during the spring and winter) of the air pollution index data, the temporal and spatial variation of air pollution index analysis, on this basis, the further use of instantaneous air pollutants daily data at 10 in the morning, analysis a wide range of haze during the air pollutant concentration and the time variation of ground stations. In order to make up for the lack of data, this paper also use MODIS products to estimate a wide range of haze during ground particle spatial distribution, reveal the near ground atmospheric pollutants diffusion trend and spatial distribution characteristics, and to explore the reasons for the formation of a wide range of haze period. The results showed that: (1) the air pollution index by 120 national key city daily released (API) data, it is concluded that the air of a wide range of haze period Variation of pollution index: from the season, nearly three years of national air quality showed a spring gradually weakened, winter gradually increased. From the year, nearly three national air pollution is more and more serious, the API value is greater than 200 of the city more and more, showing a gradual expansion from the North West to the central and eastern regions trend. (2) the 118 national key city air pollutant concentrations (PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2) data analysis, the spatial distribution characteristics of various pollutants are as follows: PM2.5 high concentration area early in central Inner Mongolia, after mainly in the Yunnan Guizhou Plateau, and distributed in the Northeast of Liaoning and the west coast. The high concentration (151 u g? M-3~200 G? M-3) area increased with the change of time, in addition to covering the Middle East of Inner Mongolia and Southern China coastal areas outside the country, air pollution is becoming more and more serious situation; P The concentration of M10 in moderately polluted area (201 G? M-3~270 G? M-3) and mild pollution area (135 G? M-3~200 G? M-3) distribution area, showing a rising trend from 11.22~12.15, the distribution area covering almost the entire northwest, central China, North China and Jianghuai department, and then to Southern China the northeast extension of.PM10 concentration less than 50 g? M-3 region is few, only scattered in the Sichuan basin and Inner Mongolia Xilinguole Meng; the concentration of NO2 is more than 100 g area and above contaminated area? Slightly less M-3, 11.15~12.05 only appeared in Japan, mainly distributed in northern and Western Xinjiang and central Shandong.NO2 concentration of 50 g? M-3~100 G? M-3 region basically center expansion and dissipation of changes in the Beijing Tianjin Hebei and Hubei Lu Yu. Overall, the change of NO2 concentration showed a rising trend, the peak appeared in 11.25~11.29 between China and Japan; NO2 concentration was significantly higher than that of the eastern region SO2; the concentration of more than 235 mu g? M-3 moderate and above pollution area rarely appear in the 11.15~12.05 between China and Japan, only distributed in two regions: Shandong province and the north central part of Henan Province, Hebei Province in South Central; the largest range of time is 11.30~12.05 days between the concentration of.SO2 171 G m-3~270 G? M-3? The moderately polluted area are located in the north of Huaihe, zonal distribution approximation. (3) using the MODIS data of Beijing Tianjin Hebei region during a wide range of haze particles (PM2.5) remote sensing estimation, results showed that relatively close to the remote sensing estimation results and ground monitoring results, two showed good consistency in the distribution trend, the correlation coefficient is 0.78, and the error is relatively small. EOF method was used to analyze the spatial and temporal variation characteristics, through the first second modes and the time coefficient of the comprehensive analysis, with the passage of time into the winter, particles of the Beijing Tianjin Hebei region The concentration of material is increasing, and the trend of air pollution is becoming more and more serious.

【学位授予单位】：西北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X51

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