广东FB供水厂生产废水回用对水质安全性的影响

发布时间：2018-03-15 17:57

本文选题：生产废水回用　切入点：滤池反冲洗废水　出处：《哈尔滨工业大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：供水厂生产废水回用作为解决水资源危机的有效途径已得到社会各界的广泛认同及重视,回用生产废水具有节约水资源和减少生产废水对环境的污染等优点,但是也存在着担忧。由于废水中含有大量颗粒物、有机物、重金属和微生物等,因而在回用时存在使出厂水水质超标的风险。目前,国外在供水厂生产废水回用领域已经颁布了相应的规范,如美国EPA颁布的《滤池反冲洗废水回用规则》等。我国直至目前为止仍没有详尽的操作细则指导供水厂生产废水回用的运行管理,然而国内新建供水厂都趋向于建有整套生产废水回用工艺设施。国内对供水厂生产废水的水质特性及其对既定生产工艺的影响研究大多停留在小试或是中试规模阶段,判定对水质的影响也只是停留在常规水质指标上,缺乏对有机物指标和遗传毒性物质的富集变化的深入了解。因此,亟需对生产废水回用对水质安全性影响进行实际生产研究,并全面分析回用对水质的影响。本课题选取广东FB供水厂作为研究对象,该供水厂生产过程中产生的各种废水均回流到处理流程中,基本实现了生产废水“零”排放。该供水厂生产废水回用工艺采用的是排水池、排泥池、污泥浓缩池及污泥脱水机等单元,将沉淀池排泥水经浓缩处理后上清液与滤池反冲洗废水混合直接回用到原水管道中与原水混合后进入水处理流程中,这种回用模式是目前国内新建水厂最为广泛采用的模式。通过对实际生产运行进行周期内、长周期和全年监测回用反冲洗废水和混合生产废水对流程水常规指标、金属指标、消毒副产物指标和特殊指标(丙烯酰胺)等的影响,并引入生物测试技术手段,分别从基因、DNA、染色体和生殖细胞等层面进行Ames试验、SOS/umu试验、CHO-K1微核试验、小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验和小鼠精子畸形试验,以研究回用反冲洗废水和混合生产废水是对流程水的遗传毒性物质含量的影响。主要研究成果和结论如下:生产废水的储存时间会影响到废水中颗粒物释放Mn离子到上清液中,释放速度与放置时间呈正相关,与DO呈负相关。生产废水静置后开启回用时,在回流初期回流水和混合水中的颗粒物和悬浮物会急剧增加,但会随着回流的进行趋于平稳。因此,对于直接回用反冲洗废水或混合生产废水的供水厂,应保持排水池中的生产废水处于被搅拌状态,以减少反冲洗废水或混合生产废水释放重金属Mn离子到上清液中降低出厂水Mn超标的风险和减小回流水中污染物对水处理工艺的冲击负荷。回用反冲洗废水和混合生产废水到原水管道中时,会的提高混合水中的浊度、TS、NH3-N、UV254、CODMn、DOC、Al、Mn和Cd的含量,但对混合水中丙烯酰胺、TTHMs和TTHMFPs的含量无影响。通过对沉后水和滤后水的这些常规水质指标数据进行T检验分析,回用反冲洗废水和混合生产废水会增加沉后水和滤后水TS、NH3-N和CODMn浓度(TS:沉后水由159mg/L升高为181mg/L,滤后水由137mg/L升高为166mg/L;NH3-N:沉后水由0.11mg/L升高为0.16mg/L,滤后水由0.06mg/L升高为0.08mg/L;CODMn:沉后水由2.0mg/L升高为2.4mg/L,滤后水由1.6mg/L升高为1.8mg/L),但仍低于《生活饮用水卫生标准》GB5749-2006规定的上限值,而对浊度、UV254、DOC、Al、Mn、Cd、丙烯酰胺和TTHMFPs无显著影响,且回用的废水种类对处理工艺没有显著差异。不同遗传学终点毒理实验表明回用反冲洗废水和混合生产废水会促进滤后水和出厂水中致基因突变、致染色体损伤和致生殖细胞突变等遗传毒性物质的去除。Ames试验、PCE微核试验和小鼠精子畸形试验表明回用反冲洗废水和混合生产废水会促进滤后水和出厂水中致基因突变、致染色体损伤和致生殖细胞突变等的遗传毒性物质的去除;SOS/umu试验和CHO-K1微核试验表明回用反冲洗废水和混合生产废水对致遗传度毒性物质无显著性影响。且在以相当于成年人正常饮水量(如Ames试验3L/皿、PCE微核和小鼠精子试验10倍成人正常饮用水量)的受试物投予试验动物、细胞及细菌时,所有水样和剂量遗传毒理试验均呈现阴性。从研究的水质指标和遗传毒性实验结果来看回用反冲洗废水和混合生产废水是安全的。
[Abstract]:As an effective way of wastewater reuse to solve water resource crisis of water supply plant has been widely recognized by all sectors of society and attention, reuse of production wastewater has the advantages of saving water resources and reduce the environmental pollution of wastewater, but there are also concerns. Because it contains a lot of particles in wastewater, organic matter, heavy metals and microorganisms therefore, in the reuse of existing risk so that the factory water quality exceed the standard. At present, the foreign in the water supply factory wastewater reuse field has promulgated the corresponding norms, such as the United States EPA issued the "Backwash Wastewater Reuse rules. In our country until now there is no operation management rules for the operation of wastewater reuse guidance the water supply plant in detail, but the domestic new water plants tend to have a complete set of production process of wastewater reuse facilities. The characteristics of quality of domestic water supply plant wastewater and established production Study on influence of process mostly in laboratory or pilot scale stage, to determine the effect on water quality is just to stay in the conventional water quality indicators, in-depth understanding of the lack of enrichment changes on organic matter index and genotoxic substances. Therefore, it is urgent to wastewater reuse the actual production of water quality safety. And a comprehensive analysis to the effect on water quality. This paper selects the Guangdong FB water supply plant as the research object, all kinds of waste water produced in the process of the water supply plant was returned to the processing process, the basic realization of the "zero discharge of wastewater. The wastewater reuse process using the water supply factory production is the drainage pond, row mud tank, sludge thickening tank and sludge dewatering machine unit, the sedimentation tank sludge concentrated supernatant after processing and filter backwash water mixed into raw water reuse in pipeline and the raw water after mixing at In the process, the reuse mode is currently the new water plant is the most widely adopted model. Through the operation of the actual production cycle, with backwashing wastewater and mixed wastewater from the production of conventional indicators, indicators of water flow back to the long period and metal annual monitoring, disinfection by-products index and specific index (acrylamide) etc. the influence of means and the introduction of biological testing technology, separately from the gene, DNA, chromosome and germ cell level Ames SOS/umu test, CHO-K1 test, micronucleus test, mouse bone marrow micronucleus test and mouse sperm abnormality test, with backwashing wastewater and mixed wastewater is the influence of content of genotoxic substances convection the process of water research. The main research results and conclusions are as follows: the wastewater storage time will affect the water particles in the release of Mn ions into the supernatant, release speed and placement Time correlated positively and negatively correlated with DO. The production wastewater after standing open reuse, particulate matter and suspended solids water and mixed water back in the early return will increase dramatically, but with the return of stable. Therefore, for direct reuse of backwash water or mixed production waste water plant that should keep production waste water drainage in the pool is stirring, in order to reduce the backwash water or mixed wastewater from the production of heavy metal release Mn ion to the factory water Mn exceed the standard risk and circumfluence water pollutants on water treatment process to reduce the impact load in the supernatant. Reuse of backwashing wastewater and mixed wastewater to raw water pipeline in when will improve the mixed water turbidity, TS, NH3-N, UV254, CODMn, DOC, Al, Mn and Cd content, but had no effect on mixing of acrylamide in water, the content of TTHMs and TTHMFPs. According to the settled water and filtered water it Some conventional water quality data were analyzed in T test, reuse of backwashing wastewater and mixed wastewater will increase after heavy water and filtered water TS, NH3-N and CODMn concentration (TS: water after sedimentation was increased by 159mg/L 181mg/L, filtered water increased from 137mg/L to 166mg/L; NH3-N: settled water was increased by 0.11mg/L 0.16mg/L. The filtered water increased from 0.06mg/L to 0.08mg/L; CODMn: settled water was increased by 2.0mg/L 2.4mg/L, filtered water increased from 1.6mg/L to 1.8mg/L), but still lower than the provisions of "sanitary standard for drinking water >GB5749-2006 the upper limit value of turbidity, UV254, DOC, Al, Mn, Cd, no significant effects of acrylamide and TTHMFPs back, and there was no significant difference between the kinds of wastewater treatment process. The toxicological experiments show that different genetic end point reuse of backwashing wastewater and mixed wastewater will promote the filtered water and finished water caused by gene mutation, chromosome damage and pathogenic germ cell mutation The removal of.Ames test of genotoxic substances, PCE micronucleus test and mouse sperm malformation test show that the reuse of backwashing wastewater and mixed wastewater will promote the filtered water and finished water caused by gene mutation, genetic removal of toxic substances and pathogenic germ cell chromosome damage induced by mutation of the CHO-K1; SOS/umu test and micronucleus test showed that reuse effect of backwashing wastewater and mixed wastewater had no effect on genetic degree of toxic substances. And in the amount of water equivalent to normal adults (such as Ames 3L/ PCE test plate, micronucleus and sperm test 10 times adult normal drinking water) of the subjects were administered to experimental animal cells and bacteria, all water samples dose and genetic toxicology experiment showed negative. The water quality index of the experimental results and the genetic toxicity of reuse of backwashing wastewater and mixed wastewater is safe.

【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X703

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