京津冀地区散烧煤与电采暖大气污染物排放评估

发布时间：2018-03-15 18:03

本文选题：散烧煤　切入点：电煤　出处：《环境科学研究》2016年12期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：散烧煤供暖是一种污染物排放量大、一次能源利用效率低的供暖方式,亟需寻找一种新的供暖方式替代散烧煤供暖.在对比评估散烧煤与电煤各种主要污染物排放量的基础上,提出直接电采暖和低温空气源热泵两种替代散烧煤供暖方案,以缓解京津冀地区大气污染,并对改造前后的污染物排放量和技术经济性进行分析;从区域污染物综合减排的战略角度提出对京津冀地区原散烧煤采暖用户进行低温空气源热泵供暖改造和燃煤电厂执行"超净排放"改造两种方案,并对两种方案的污染物减排效果进行了对比.结果表明:单位散烧煤的污染物排放量远高于电煤,其中散烧煤的SO_2、NO_x、烟尘和综合PM_(2.5)排放因子分别为17.12、2.80、6.37和9.80 g/kg,电煤的SO_2、NO_x、烟尘和综合PM_(2.5)排放因子分别为0.43、0.85、0.17和0.47 g/kg,散烧煤对综合PM_(2.5)的贡献是电煤的20.9倍;直接电采暖和低温空气源热泵供暖均能有效减少污染物排放量,其中直接电采暖可使每户每年采暖期的SO_2、NO_x、烟尘和综合PM_(2.5)分别减排66.38、7.15、24.79和36.96 kg,而采用低温空气源热泵的减排量分别为67.79、9.97、25.35和38.52 kg,但直接电采暖方式的一次能源利用效率(仅为33.7%)极低,因此不适合大面积推广;京津冀地区原散烧煤采暖用户在进行低温空气源热泵供暖改造后,其SO_2、NO_x、烟尘和综合PM_(2.5)年减排量分别为24.47×10~4、3.60×10~4、9.15×10~4和13.91×10~4t,燃煤电厂执行"超净排放"改造后相应年减排量分别为1.28×10~4、4.25×10~4、1.30×10~4和2.31×10~4t,其中低温空气源热泵供暖改造后的综合PM_(2.5)减排量达到燃煤电厂改造的6.0倍,并且年投资也较燃煤电厂改造低约4×108元.研究显示,采用低温空气源热泵供暖在污染物减排量、技术经济性和实施可行性等方面均具有优势.
[Abstract]:Scattered coal heating is a kind of heating mode with high pollutant emission and low primary energy efficiency. It is urgent to find a new heating method instead of scattered coal heating. On the basis of comparing and evaluating the discharge amount of various main pollutants from scattered coal and electric coal, it is necessary to find a new heating method instead of scattered coal heating. Two alternative schemes of direct electric heating and low temperature air source heat pump are put forward to alleviate air pollution in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei area. From the strategic point of view of comprehensive emission reduction of regional pollutants, this paper puts forward two schemes of heating retrofit of low temperature air source heat pump for original scattered coal heating users in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei area and "super-net emission" transformation of coal-fired power plants. The results show that the emission of pollutants per unit scattered coal is much higher than that of thermal coal. Among them, the emission factors of so _ 2O _ x, smoke dust and integrated PMSP _ (2.5) for scattered coal are 17.12 / 2.80 / kg and 9.80 g / kg, respectively. The emission factors of so _ 2S _ 2O _ x, soot and integrated PMSP _ (2.5) for thermal coal are 0.43g / kg, 0.850.17 and 0.47 g / kg, respectively, and the contribution of scattered coal to the synthesis of PMPM / 2.5 is 20.9 times as much as that of thermal coal. Both direct electric heating and low temperature air source heat pump heating can effectively reduce pollutant emissions. Direct electric heating can reduce the emissions of SO2NOx, soot and PMSP in each household during the heating period by 66.387.157.1524.79 and 36.96 kg, respectively, while the emission reduction by using low-temperature air source heat pump is 67.79 / 9.9725.35 and 38.52 kg, respectively, but the primary energy use efficiency (only 33.733.733.733.733.7kg) of direct electric heating is very low. Therefore, it is not suitable to be popularized in a large area. After reforming the low-temperature air source heat pump heating system, the original scattered coal heating users in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei area, The annual emission reduction amounts of so _ 2 / no _ x, smoke dust and integrated PMSP are 24.47 脳 10 ~ (4) ~ 3.60 脳 10 ~ (10) C ~ (4) and 13.91 脳 10 ~ (4) t respectively. The corresponding annual emission reductions of coal-fired power plants are 1.28 脳 10 ~ (44.25) 脳 10 ~ (4) and 2.31 脳 10 ~ (4) ~ 4 t respectively, and the emission reduction of the low temperature air source heat pump is up to 2.5) after the retrofitting of "super net emission", the corresponding annual emission reduction is 1.28 脳 10 ~ (44.25) 脳 10 ~ (4) and 2.31 脳 10 ~ (4) t respectively. 6.0 times as much as the power plant, The annual investment is about 4 脳 108 yuan lower than that of coal-fired power plant. The research shows that the use of low-temperature air-source heat pump heating has advantages in pollutant emission reduction, technical economy and feasibility of implementation.
【作者单位】：热电生产过程污染物控制北京市重点实验室华北电力大学;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(51476053) 中央高校基本科研业务费专项基金项目(2015ZZD10) 高等学校学科创新引智计划资助项目(B12034)
【分类号】：X82;X823

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