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基于卫星数据对极端降雨条件下城市地表径流量的模拟

发布时间:2018-03-20 23:23

  本文选题:荷兰 切入点:人工湿地 出处:《长安大学》2015年硕士论文 论文类型:学位论文


【摘要】:近几年来,欧洲极端降雨的发生率越来越高,极端降雨会给人类的生产生活带来不可估量的损失,对于这些过量的雨水,相关学者已提出了科学的解决方法,其中一种解决方法就是建造人工湿地。人工湿地是一种综合的生态系统,具有储水和净水两大功能。位于恩斯赫德和亨厄洛(荷兰城市)之间的“Kristalbad”就是这样一种新型水利设施。本项研究主要介绍了如何利用遥感技术来获得极端天气状况(降雨率、云的属性),并推算出地表特性,例如地表铺砌面和无铺砌面,自由水体,排水设施,渗流设施等的地表分配情况。另外,本文还能获得模拟模型(DMS)的输入数据,此模型可用来模拟地表径流,排水量等水文及水力学过程。因此,本研究包含三个部分,首先是运用卫星数据来推导降雨率,其次是建立基于数字化高程模型(DEM)的子集水区,最后是建立一个基础模型(RAM-Duflow)来监测流经人工湿地的地表径流。这三部分介绍如下1.本文首先尝试采用METEOSAT Second Generation(欧洲气象卫星应用组织使用的静止气象卫星METEOSAT的第二代卫星)的图像以获得降雨率,结果表明该法取得的降雨率较正常值偏低,因此效果并不理想。但从文献综述中,另一种方法运用云的微观物理属性也可用来探测降雨。cloudphysical propertied(CPP)算法基于云水路径(CWP),云顶温度(CTT),云有效粒径(CRE)和云光学厚度(COT)来推导降雨率,在经过实地数据校准后,这种方法较于原始的基于CTT的auto-estimator(AE)算法显示出良好的结果。2.本文利用不同的遥感高程数据以比较和评估表征化的集水区及集水网。这里运用的DEM有:具有30米分辨率的航天飞机雷达地形测绘任务(SRTM)和具有5米及0.5米分辨率的基于机载激光雷达技术的荷兰官方数字高程(AHN)。结果表明,由0.5米分辨率高程图像衍生的排水网络与实际排水网络具有很高的一致性。3.在模拟降雨径流从产生到流经人工湿地Kristalbad期间,评估Duflow模型(DMS)的应用。从上述遥感数据推导及当地水务局得到的数据,可生成两个简化的“概念”模型:降雨径流模型(RAM)和Duflow网络模型。简化的“概念”RAM-Duflow的建立是为了模拟特定区域的降雨径流。由于排水设施的复杂性及数据的有效性,DMS只运行RAM模块。模拟的结果表明,RAM是一个非常实用的工具,用户可以用它来计算已知区域的降雨径流。虽然从污水处理厂(Elsbeek)到kristalbad的图形化Duflow网络已经建立,但由于在ITC的研究时间小于6个月,一个设定完全的可执行模型系统无法在短时间内完成,所以我们建议在今后的研究中,建立一个完善的全流域水质模型系统,并验证在DMS程序中的适用性。同时,可以进一步利用卫星数据监测和预测区域极端降雨。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the incidence of extreme rainfall in Europe has been increasing, and extreme rainfall will bring incalculable losses to human production and life. For these excessive Rain Water, relevant scholars have put forward scientific solutions. One solution is to build constructed wetlands, which are an integrated ecosystem. "Kristalbad", located between Enshead and Henslow (Dutch city), is one such new type of water facility. This study focuses on the use of remote sensing technology to obtain extreme weather conditions (rainfall rates). The properties of the cloud are calculated, and the surface distribution of surface properties, such as surface paving and unpaved surface, free water, drainage, seepage facilities, etc., can also be obtained by the input data of the simulation model DMS. This model can be used to simulate hydrological and hydraulic processes such as surface runoff, displacement and so on. Therefore, this study consists of three parts: first, using satellite data to derive rainfall rate; secondly, establishing a subcatchment area based on digital elevation model (DEM). Finally, a basic model, RAM-Duflow, is established to monitor the surface runoff flowing through constructed wetlands. The three parts are introduced as follows. 1. This paper first attempts to adopt METEOSAT Second Generation (the second geostationary meteorological satellite METEOSAT used by EUMETSAT). To obtain rainfall rates, The results show that the rainfall rate obtained by this method is lower than the normal value, so the effect is not satisfactory. Another method can also be used to detect rainfall. Cloud physical properties can also be used to detect rainfall. The CPP algorithm is based on cloud water path, cloud top temperature, cloud effective particle size and cloud optical thickness (COT) to derive rainfall rate. This method shows good results compared with the original auto-estimator based on CTT algorithm. 2. In this paper, we use different remote sensing elevation data to compare and evaluate representative catchment areas and catchment networks. The DEM used here is as follows: 30m resolution. The Space Shuttle Radar terrain Mapping Mission (SRTM) and the official Dutch digital elevation (AHN) based on airborne lidar technology with a resolution of 5 m and 0.5 m. The results show that. The drainage network derived from the 0.5 meter resolution elevation image has a high consistency with the actual drainage network. 3. During the period from the generation of simulated rainfall runoff to the flow through constructed wetland Kristalbad, To evaluate the application of the Duflow model. Derived from the above remote sensing data and obtained from the local water authorities, Two simplified "conceptual" models can be generated: the rainfall runoff model (Ram) and the Duflow network model. The simplified "concept" RAM-Duflow is established to simulate rainfall runoff in a given area. Due to the complexity of drainage facilities and the availability of data. The simulation results show that RAM is a very useful tool. Users can use it to calculate rainfall runoff in known areas. Although a graphical Duflow network from the sewage treatment plant Elsbeek to kristalbad has been established, the research time at ITC is less than six months. A fully executable model system can not be completed in a short period of time, so we propose to establish a perfect water quality model system for the whole basin in future research, and verify the applicability of the system in the DMS program. Satellite data could be further used to monitor and predict regional extreme rainfall.
【学位授予单位】:长安大学
【学位级别】:硕士
【学位授予年份】:2015
【分类号】:TV121;X171

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