基于SWAT模型的浑太河流域农业面源污染物产生量估算

发布时间：2018-03-21 20:14

本文选题：污染　切入点：估算　出处：《农业工程学报》2016年08期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：结合浑太河流域的下垫面、水文气象、污染源的物理特征,基于实际监测数据,率定验证模型,建立降雨径流、土地利用方式对应下的SWAT模型,对农业面源污染物的迁移-转化过程进行模拟计算,系统解析流域面源污染物排放量、分布特征。划定浑河、太子河、大辽河干流左右岸河流两侧l km、水库周围5 km为缓冲区,改变现有的土地利用方式,恢复天然生态。以常规发展模式为基础,计算在区域生态保护占优模式下污染物产生量。在常规发展模式下,浑太河流域年平均土壤侵蚀模数为400 kg/hm~2,总氮、总磷输出强度为19、7 kg/hm~2;从单位面积上看,总氮、总磷负荷强度最大值分别为317、260 kg/hm~2。总氮、总磷负荷强度空间差异较大,通过面积加权计算,平均负荷强度为29和10 kg/hm~2。在生态保护占优模式下,耕地的氮、磷损失量有所减少,总氮、总磷单位面积年减少量为9.5、0.9 t/hm~2;从农业面源污染物化学需氧量(chemical oxygen demand,COD)、氨氮来源层面分析,单位面积土地退耕后化学需氧量、氨氮污染物减少量为14、5 kg/hm~2。经比较,在生态保护占优发展模式下面源污染物产生量相对常规发展模式下减少9%,化学需氧量、氨氮、总磷、总氮分别减少5.12%、31.67%、10.40%、25.95%,农业面源污染减排效果明显。研究为实现浑太河流域污染物排放总量不超标、水体水质达标,并确保农业基础地位不动摇,充分挖掘区域农业减排增收潜力提供策略依据。
[Abstract]:Combined with the underlying surface, hydrometeorology and the physical characteristics of pollution sources, based on the actual monitoring data, the SWAT model of rainfall runoff and land use was established. The transportation-transformation process of agricultural non-point source pollutants is simulated and calculated, and the discharge and distribution characteristics of non-point source pollutants in the basin are systematically analyzed. 1 km on both sides of the rivers on the left and right bank of the Hunhe River, the princeling River and the main stream of the Daliao River is delineated, and 5 km around the reservoir is used as the buffer zone. Change the existing land use mode, restore the natural ecology. Based on the conventional development model, calculate the pollutant production under the dominant regional ecological protection model. In the conventional development model, The average annual soil erosion modulus of Hun Tai River is 400kg / hmc-2, the output intensity of total nitrogen and total phosphorus is 19 ~ 7 kg / hm ~ (-2), the maximum value of total nitrogen and total phosphorus load intensity is 317260 kg / hm ~ (-1), respectively. The spatial difference of total nitrogen and total phosphorus load intensity is great. The average load intensity is 29 and 10 kg / hm ~ (-1) by weighted area calculation. Under the ecological conservation model, the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus in cultivated land is reduced, and the total nitrogen is decreased. The annual decrease amount of total phosphorus per unit area is 9.50.9t / hm ~ (-2). The chemical oxygen demand of agricultural non-point source pollutants, chemical oxygen demandcodr, ammonia and nitrogen source level analysis, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonia nitrogen pollutant (NH3-N) are reduced to 145kg 路hmtm-2 after returning to farmland per unit area. In the ecological protection dominant development model, the production of non-point source pollutants is reduced by 9%, chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus (TP) are reduced by 9% compared with the conventional development model, The reduction of total nitrogen was 5.12% 31.67% 10.40% 25.95% respectively, and the effect of agricultural non-point source pollution reduction was obvious. In order to realize the total pollutant discharge amount of Hun Tai River not exceeding the standard, the water quality standard, and to ensure that the agricultural foundation status is unshakable, Fully tap the potential of regional agricultural emission reduction and revenue increase to provide strategic basis.
【作者单位】：中国水利水电科学研究院水环境所;北京江河湖泊信息技术有限公司;中国地质大学;中国地质科学院;河北农业大学城乡建设学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(51409269) 重点流域环境流量保障与容量总量控制管理关键技术与应用示范(2013ZX07501-004)
【分类号】：X71;X52

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