昆明市土壤重金属元素的环境地球化学特征及时空变化研究

发布时间：2018-03-25 13:35

本文选题：土壤重金属　切入点：表层土壤　出处：《昆明理工大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着我国社会经济的发展,城市内的工业生产和其他类型的人类活动导致了城市土壤重金属的污染问题日趋严重,直接关系到了土壤质量和人类的生存。为揭示城市化、工业化等人为活动对土壤环境质量的影响,对昆明市主城区开展生态地球化学调查工作,统计分析土壤中重金属元素的含量数据并就此展开讨论,绘制研究区单元素异常图和1987年的异常图对比分析时空变化特征；使用指数评价法(单因子污染指数法,内梅罗综合污染指数法)对研究区内的土壤污染现状评价,并根据不同行政区的污染程度开展讨论；使用SPSS22对数据进行相关分析和因子分析从而对土壤重金属污染的来源进行了解析。得出主要结论如下：1、研究区内土壤中砷(As)、镉(Cd)、铬(Cr)、铜(Cu)、汞(Hg)、镍(Ni)、铅(Pb)、锌(Zn)的含量分布离散程度较高,相比昆明市土壤背景值和中国土壤A层平均值都呈现富集状态：土壤重金属污染来源主要受工业和交通的影响。冶炼厂对这八种重金属元素的含量影响较大,另外交通因素也在一定程度上影响了土壤中的Cu、Hg、Pb、Zn含量。2、对研究区土壤重金属的含量数据分析得出,本区土壤重金属元素含量的高值和极值大多分布在有色金属冶炼、机械加工等工厂和交通拥堵区。3、通过分析研究区土壤重金属元素的时空变化特征可以得出：就元素含量值而言,对比2007年调查取样的昆明市区土壤元素背景值与1987年采集的土壤重金属正常含量值,数值变化不大；就土壤地球化学异常图进行对比和分析,两次土壤调查重金属元素的中度、重度污染区主要分布于茨坝-二环东路-福保村以西,而且土壤中八种重金属元素的污染面积均有不同程度的扩大。4、对研究区内土壤重金属污染状况进行质量评价,区内土壤的重金属污染情况不容乐观,需要引起有关部门的高度重视。单因子污染指数评价结果表明,表层土壤中污染指数最为严重的是Cd污染,其次是Cu和Ni的污染；不同行政区的重金属污染程度也不相同,八种重金属元素在西山区和五华区的污染比较严重,在官渡区和盘龙区的污染程度尚轻；内梅罗综合污染指数法的评价也体现出研究区土壤已经受到了不同程度污染的现象,五华区和西山区的大部分地区呈现中度、重度污染,盘龙区和官渡区的土壤受重金属的污染程度较轻。5、运用相关分析、因子分析和聚类分析方法对土壤重金属污染来源分析得出：(1)相关分析显示研究区土壤中重金属As、Cd、Cu、Hg、Pb、Zn整体上相关性较强,Cr和Ni之间呈显著正相关,可能为同源关系；(2)因子分析结果显示控制研究区表层土壤重金属来源有2个主因子,分别是：As、Cd、Cu、Hg、 Pb、Zn受区内工业和交通因素控制,Cr和Ni主要受研究区内工业污染影响,并且聚类分析的结果与因子分析结果相吻合。
[Abstract]:With the development of social economy in China, industrial production and other types of human activities in cities lead to the increasingly serious pollution of heavy metals in urban soils, which is directly related to the quality of soil and the survival of human beings. The effects of artificial activities such as industrialization on soil environmental quality were investigated in the main urban area of Kunming, and the data of heavy metal contents in soil were statistically analyzed and discussed. The spatial and temporal variation characteristics of single element anomaly map and 1987 anomaly map were compared and analyzed, and the present situation of soil pollution in the study area was evaluated by using index evaluation method (single factor pollution index method, Nemero comprehensive pollution index method). And carry out the discussion according to the pollution degree of the different administrative region; The sources of heavy metal pollution in soil were analyzed by using SPSS22 correlation analysis and factor analysis. The main conclusions are as follows: 1. The main conclusions are as follows: 1. The main conclusions are as follows: 1. The contents of arsenic, cadmium, CD, Cr, Cu, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Pb, Zn) in the soil of the study area. The discrete degree of quantity distribution is higher, Compared with the background value of soil in Kunming and the average value of A layer of soil in China, the soil heavy metal pollution sources are mainly affected by industry and traffic, and smelters have a great influence on the contents of these eight heavy metals. In addition, traffic factors also affected the content of PbZn in soil to some extent. The data of heavy metal content in the soil of the study area showed that the high value and extreme value of the heavy metal content in the soil were mostly distributed in non-ferrous metal smelting. By analyzing the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of heavy metal elements in the soil of the study area, it can be concluded that, as far as the content of the elements is concerned, Comparing the background values of soil elements collected in 2007 with the values of normal contents of heavy metals collected in 1987, the values of soil geochemical anomalies were compared and analyzed. The heavily polluted area is mainly distributed in the west of Ziba-second Ring Road to the west of Fubao Village, and the polluted area of eight heavy metal elements in the soil has been expanded to some extent. The quality of heavy metal pollution in the study area has been evaluated. The results of single factor pollution index evaluation showed that CD pollution was the most serious in topsoil, followed by Cu and Ni pollution. The pollution degree of heavy metals in different administrative regions is also different. The pollution of eight heavy metal elements is serious in Xishan area and Wuhua district, but the pollution degree in Guandu district and Panlong district is still light. The evaluation of the Nemero comprehensive pollution index method also shows that the soil in the study area has been polluted to varying degrees, with moderate and severe pollution in most areas of Wuhua region and the western mountainous area. The soil in Panlong District and Guandu District is slightly polluted by heavy metals. The results of factor analysis and cluster analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between Cr and Ni in the soil of the study area. The results of factor analysis indicated that there were two main factors in controlling the source of heavy metals in the surface soil of the study area, namely, the heavy metal source of the surface soil of the study area, that is, the heavy metals in the surface soil of the study area were: 1. The heavy metals in the surface soil of the study area were respectively: 1. The heavy metals in the surface soil were controlled by industrial and traffic factors in the study area. The results of cluster analysis and factor analysis are in agreement with each other.
【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X53

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