浙江省浙西重要生态功能区生态环境遥感评价及变化分析

发布时间：2018-03-26 20:10

  本文选题：浙西重要生态功能区　切入点：环境遥感　出处：《浙江大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：重要生态功能区是指承担水源涵养、防风固沙、碳固定和生物多样性维护等重要生态功能,在维持生态平衡、促进社会和经济持续发展等方面发挥重要效用的区域。本文以浙江省浙西重要生态功能区为研究对象,基于RS与GIS技术,利用浙江省生态环境遥感调查与评价数据库中的数据,全面分析2000年～2010年十年内浙西重要生态功能区域内生态系统格局、生态系统质量、生态服务功能、生态环境胁迫的现状与变化特征,并综合评估其生态环境十年变化。研究结果表明：(1)生态系统构成与格局：浙西区生态系统构成类型主要是森林,其次是农田和湿地。浙西区城镇化水平较低,但十年来城镇用地增长迅速,扩张过程中主要占用农田,以及森林、草地、湿地等,导致浙西区内自然生态系统面积持续减少。十年来浙西区各级各类生态系统转换速度在不断加快,景观格局呈集聚化趋势,总体上趋于转好。(2)生态系统质量：浙西区森林生态系统生物量相对密度以较低和中等级为主,森林质量偏低,但有较大提升。植被覆盖度以优质等级为主,面积比例高达90%,十年间略有下降。净初级生产力略微下降。(3)生态系统服务功能：浙西区生物生境质量总体上较好,以优质等级为主,生物多样性维持功能较强,十年间基本保持稳定,略有下降。碳储量和水源涵养功能以较高等级为主,十年间基本保持稳定,略有上升。(4)生态胁迫：十年间,浙西区总人口密度小幅增加,城镇人口密度与GDP密度增长明显,社会经济发展迅速,污染物排放强度也有所上升。总体上人类活动对生态环境的胁迫明显增强。(5)生态环境综合评估：2000年～2010年,浙西区生态系统质量和生态服务功能持续增长,同时生态系统格局转好,但人类活动对生态环境的胁迫也在不断加强。总体上浙西重要生态功能区生态环境保护效果明显,生态环境综合质量为高等级,并基本保持稳定,变化很小。
[Abstract]:Important ecological functional areas are those that undertake important ecological functions such as water conservation, windbreak and sand fixation, carbon fixation and biodiversity maintenance, and maintain ecological balance. This paper takes the important ecological function area of Zhejiang Province as the research object, based on RS and GIS technology, using the data from the remote sensing survey and evaluation database of ecological environment in Zhejiang Province. The present situation and changing characteristics of ecological system pattern, ecosystem quality, ecological service function and ecological environment stress in the important ecological function areas in western Zhejiang during the decade from 2000 to 2010 were comprehensively analyzed. The results show that the composition and pattern of ecosystem are mainly forest, followed by farmland and wetland, and the urbanization level of western Zhejiang is low. But over the past decade, urban land has grown rapidly, and the expansion has mainly occupied farmland, as well as forests, grasslands, wetlands, and so on. As a result, the area of natural ecosystem in the western Zhejiang region continues to decrease. In the past ten years, the conversion rate of all kinds of ecosystems at all levels in the western part of Zhejiang Province has been speeding up, and the landscape pattern shows a trend of concentration. The relative density of forest ecosystem biomass in western Zhejiang was mainly low and medium grade, the forest quality was low, but the forest quality was higher, and the vegetation coverage was mainly of good quality. Net primary productivity decreased slightly. Net primary productivity decreased slightly.) ecosystem service function: the quality of biological habitat in western Zhejiang was good, mainly in quality grade, and the maintenance function of biodiversity was stronger, the area ratio was as high as 90%, and the net primary productivity decreased slightly in the past ten years. The carbon storage and water conservation function were mainly in the higher grade, and remained stable in the past ten years, and increased slightly. 4) Ecological stress: during the decade, the density of the total population in the western part of Zhejiang increased slightly, and the total population density increased slightly in the past ten years. Urban population density and GDP density increased obviously, social economy developed rapidly, and pollutant emission intensity also increased. On the whole, the stress of human activities on ecological environment was obviously strengthened. 5) Comprehensive ecological environment assessment: from 2000 to 2010, The quality of ecosystem and the function of ecological service in western Zhejiang increased continuously, while the pattern of ecosystem became better, but the stress of human activities on ecological environment was also strengthened. In general, the effect of ecological environment protection in important ecological function areas of western Zhejiang was obvious. The ecological environment comprehensive quality is high grade, and basically maintains the stability, the change is very small.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X826;X87

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