西安市污水资源化利用外部效果测算分析与研究

发布时间：2018-03-26 22:09

本文选题：污水资源化　切入点：再生水回用　出处：《西安建筑科技大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：污水资源化利用能明显的改善城市生态环境,保护地表、地下水资源,减少流域取水量,有利于维持流域的生态平衡,净化空气、增加空气湿度、减缓城市热岛效应,同时减少污染物的排放、提高水资源利用率,社会效益和生态环境效益显著。在没有政府、环保部门等相关部门的干预下,对于再生水生产者(污水处理厂)而言,再生水经济效益低下,财务上出现亏损,再生水回用项目将无法推行,政府应当给予合理的财政补贴。由于再生水回用项目具有公益性,外部效果凸显,应当从国民经济角度对再生水回用项目进行分析研究,将社会效益和生态环境效益等外部效果纳入到综合效益中,判定项目的合理性与可行性。首先,文章以循环经济理论和可持续发展理论作为政府推行污水资源化项目的理论支撑,得出实施污水资源化利用对西安市经济、社会、生态的可持续发展具有重要的战略意义;以西安市为例,分析了西安市污水资源化利用的整体情况,从经济、生产条件、生态三个方面分析了西安市污水资源化利用的典型性,并论证了西安市污水资源化补贴的必要性与合理性。其次,文章对污水资源化利用外部效果的量化方法,采用了条件价值法、恢复费用法、人力资本法、费用支出法等多种方法结合,形成三种测算模式,分别得出不同的测算值。经过方法的优劣分析并最终以基于条件价值法测算模型理论性较强的测算方法作为主要方法,并对西安市集中式污水资源化利用和分散式污水资源化利用分别采取了典型的案例进行再生水利用外部效果测算实证分析,将测算出的外部效果纳入项目的费用效益分析,得出项目是可行的结论,并研究出合理的补贴力度。最后,对再生水利用外部效果内部化提出对策建议,要给予适度的补贴力度、优惠政策;建立合理的水价格体系;加强宣传教育、道德约束等,切实做到再生水生产者与用户互惠互利,长效健康发展。本研究得到国家社会科学基金项目(12BGL083)的资助
[Abstract]:The utilization of sewage resources can obviously improve the urban ecological environment, protect the surface and groundwater resources, reduce the amount of water taken from the watershed, help to maintain the ecological balance of the watershed, purify the air, increase the humidity of the air, and slow down the effect of urban heat island. At the same time, reducing the discharge of pollutants, improving the utilization rate of water resources, social benefits and ecological environmental benefits are significant. Without the intervention of relevant departments, such as government, environmental protection departments, for the producers of recycled water (wastewater treatment plants), The economic benefit of reclaimed water is low, and there is a financial loss. The reclaimed water reuse project will not be carried out. The government should give a reasonable financial subsidy. Because the reclaimed water reuse project has public welfare, the external effect is prominent. The reclaimed water reuse project should be analyzed and studied from the point of view of national economy, and the external effects such as social benefit and ecological environmental benefit should be brought into the comprehensive benefit, and the rationality and feasibility of the project should be judged. This paper takes the theory of circular economy and sustainable development as the theoretical support for the government to carry out the project of sewage resource utilization, and draws the conclusion that the implementation of the utilization of sewage resource has important strategic significance for the sustainable development of economy, society and ecology in Xi'an. Taking Xi'an as an example, the paper analyzes the overall situation of sewage reuse in Xi'an, and analyzes the typical utilization of sewage in Xi'an from three aspects: economy, production conditions and ecology. The necessity and rationality of sewage resource subsidy in Xi'an are demonstrated. Secondly, the paper uses the conditional value method, the recovery fee method and the human capital method to quantify the external effect of sewage resource utilization. The cost expenditure method and other methods are combined to form three kinds of measuring models, respectively. After analyzing the merits and demerits of the methods and finally taking the theoretical calculation method based on conditional value method as the main method, And taking typical cases to estimate the external effect of reclaimed water utilization in Xi'an city, the external effect of the project is analyzed by the cost and benefit analysis of the project. The conclusion is that the project is feasible, and the reasonable subsidy intensity is studied. Finally, the countermeasures and suggestions are put forward to internalize the external effect of reclaimed water utilization, which should be given appropriate subsidy intensity and preferential policy, and a reasonable water price system should be established. Strengthen propaganda and education, moral restraint and so on, make the producers and users of recycled water mutually benefit and develop healthily for a long time. This research is supported by the national social science fund project 12BGL083)
【学位授予单位】：西安建筑科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X703

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