感潮河西南涌的水质分析与污染源控制研究

发布时间：2018-03-31 15:14

本文选题：感潮河涌　切入点：水质分析　出处：《广东工业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国感潮河的环境治理问题是亟待解决的河涌污染重要问题,由于其水流特点与普通的河涌不同,潮汐引起河道水流往复运动,使得水体污染物难以扩散,河水污染加重。因此研究典型感潮河水污染特性和污染整治技术有着重要的理论和实际意义。本文以佛山市西南涌作为典型感潮河涌,监测和分析该感潮河水的水质指标,对污染物点源和面源做出全面细致的分析研究,建立主要污染物COD、氨氮、总磷的减排控制模型,计算主要污染物的排放量控制指标和预测水质达标状况。首先研究了感潮河西南涌涨潮和落潮对水质的影响,对西南涌起点三水水闸、中间凤岗、西南涌终点和顺断面进行了水质监测和分析,水质指标包括温度、溶解氧、pH值、COD、BOD、氨氮、总磷、石油类等八项；然后对西南涌流域主要污染物来源的6条支涌进行了监测和分析。结果表明,西南涌上游为Ⅲ类，中游为劣V类,下游为V类；支涌芦苞涌水质达到Ⅳ类,其余五条支涌(大棉涌、大塑涡涌、左岸涌、解放涌、乐平涌)均为劣V类。西南涌和支涌污染程度是氨氮总磷COD。基于感潮河西南涌的污染物难以扩散,必须对污染物点源和面源进行消减和控制的原因,对西南涌流域的支涌全部点源污染物和面源污染物分别计算,计算重要的指标COD、氨氮和总磷。计算结果表明,农业面源污染物排放总量超过点源污染物(工业生产和生活污水排放等)的排放总量,其中COD面源排放总量与点源排放总量基本相当；但是对于氨氮量和总磷,面源排放量分别是点源排放量的2.7倍和6倍,显示出西南涌污染的主要问题是面源污染。论文根据西南涌流域里水质为劣V类的支涌,对其点源排放量和面源排放量进行了线性回归,得出了污染物总量的计算公式,即点源排放量X1和面源排放量X2之间的关系式。COD的回归方程为Y=0.6613X1+0.9899X2-79.5665；氨氮的回归方程为Y=0.523X1+0.5763X2+4.4474；总磷的回归方程为Y=1.4399X1+0.7905X2-4.8306。用这些方程计算了各支涌的污染物总排放量,预测了河水功能达标时支涌的污染物的减排率。本文提出改善感潮河西南涌水质的关键措施是点源和面源污染的全面控制,尤其突出的问题是氨氮污染和总磷污染的控制。河涌污染点源污染控制措施主要是加强污水收集管网的建设,加快污水处理厂建设的进度。面源污染控制主要针对氨氮和总磷污染控制,重点是对农业面源污染的全面整治；加强禽畜养殖的管理,科学合理使用农药和化肥,在河涌附近的一定距离范围设立禁养区,加强河涌两岸的生态绿化和屏障建设等有效措施。
[Abstract]:The environmental control of tidal river in China is an important problem to be solved urgently. Because of its characteristics of water flow is different from that of ordinary river, tidal causes the flow of river water to move back and forth, which makes it difficult to spread pollutants in the water body and aggravate the pollution of river water.Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the water pollution characteristics and pollution remediation technology of typical tidal river.In this paper, the southwest surge of Foshan City is taken as the typical tidal current, the water quality index of the tidal water is monitored and analyzed, the point source and the non-point source of the pollutants are analyzed thoroughly and meticulously, and the emission reduction control model of the main pollutants, COD, ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus is established.Calculate the discharge control index of the main pollutants and predict the water quality standard.The effect of high tide and low tide on water quality of southwest tidal current is studied. The water quality monitoring and analysis of Sanshui sluice, middle Fenggang, end point of southwest surge and along section are carried out. The water quality indexes include temperature, dissolved oxygen and pH value of COD _ DBOD, ammonia nitrogen, etc.The total phosphorus, petroleum and other eight items were monitored and analyzed.The pollution degree of southwest surge and branch surge is ammonia nitrogen total phosphorus COD.Because the pollutants in the southwest surge of the tidal river are difficult to diffuse, the point source and the non-point source of the pollutants must be reduced and controlled, and all the point source pollutants and the non-point source pollutants in the southwest surge basin are calculated separately.Calculate the important indexes of COD, ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus.The results show that the total amount of agricultural non-point source pollutants is higher than that of point source pollutants (industrial production and domestic sewage, etc.), and the total amount of COD non-point source emissions is basically the same as that of point source emissions, but for ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus,Non-point source emissions are 2.7 times and 6 times of point source emissions, respectively, indicating that the main problem of southwest surge pollution is non-point source pollution.According to the substandard V branch of water quality in the southwest basin, the linear regression of point source and non-point source discharge is carried out, and the formula for calculating the total amount of pollutants is obtained.These equations are used to calculate the total discharge of pollutants from each branch and to predict the emission reduction rate of the pollutants when the function of the river reaches the standard.This paper puts forward that the key measure to improve the water quality of southwest surge of tidal river is the comprehensive control of point source and non-point source pollution, especially the control of ammonia nitrogen pollution and total phosphorus pollution.Effective measures should be taken to strengthen ecological greening and barrier construction on both sides of the river.
【学位授予单位】：广东工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X522

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