九龙江流域表层沉积物中营养盐污染研究

发布时间：2018-04-02 07:21

本文选题：九龙江　切入点：沉积物　出处：《华侨大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：沿海作为经济发展速度最快的地区,在城市化和工业化不断深入的进程中,导致了大量的工业和生活废水、废物排入周围海域,使得近海流域环境污染、生态破坏等问题日趋严重,给人类赖以生存的生态系统造成了巨大的威胁。本文对九龙江流域表层沉积物中营养盐污染状况进行研究:对表层沉积物中C、N、P营养盐含量空间分布特征及其赋存形态进行分析并探讨其环境指示意义,利用单一因子标准指数法和有机质指数评价法对表层沉积物中营养物质污染程度进行初步评价;结合表层沉积物中C、N同位素示踪,以解析其沉积物中有机质大致来源;分析测定九龙江河口区表层沉积物中酸提态重金属含量,并与营养盐进行相关性分析、因子分析及聚类分析,初步探讨其同源性。对九龙江流域表层沉积物中总碳、总氮、铵态氮、总磷及分级提取磷形态包括可交换态磷、钙结合态磷、铁铝结合态磷、闭蓄态磷以及有机结合态磷进行分析测定,同时,对磷含量的各存在形态进行回归分析。结果表明:九龙江流域表层沉积物中营养盐含量空间分布差异显著,尤其是九龙江上游区域,营养盐含量明显高于下游及河口区域;磷的各形态回归分析表明,Fe/Al-P(铁铝结合态磷)为九龙江流域表层沉积物中磷的主要赋存形态,是磷营养盐污染的主要因素;单一因子标准指数法评价结果显示:有机质和TN(总氮)污染较重,污染程度总体在最低级到严重级之间,TP(总磷)污染程度相对较轻,但上游位于龙岩附近采样点所在区域仍需引起重视,避免重度污染;有机质指数评价结果显示:九龙江流域有机污染处于IV级,应引起相关部门重视。营养盐自相关分析表明:TN与TP及其各形态无机磷具有极强的相关性(P0.01),说明其污染来源具有一定的相似性。表层沉积物中C、N同位素示踪结果表明:上、下游流域表层沉积物中有机质来源表现为陆源特征,而河口区表现为偏海源特征,N同位素示踪结果与C同位素示踪结果一致;结合C同位素与C/N比值、C/P比值的相关关系显示,C/N比值、C/P比值对有机质来源起到的指示作用比较不理想;九龙江河口区表层沉积物中营养盐与酸提态重金属的相关性结果表明:营养盐与Zn、Cu、Cr、Pb有一定的相关关系,可能具有同源性,推测受到农业生产、矿业生产及自然源的共同影响。本研究对龙江上游、下游以及河口区流域表层沉积物中的营养盐进行系统分析,并结合营养盐与重金属的相关性分析,为该地区环境生态研究工作提供基础资料,并为环境保护工作开展提供意见基础。
[Abstract]:As the fastest growing area of economy, the coastal area, in the process of urbanization and industrialization, has resulted in a large amount of industrial and domestic waste water, waste discharged into the surrounding sea area, resulting in environmental pollution in the coastal basin.Ecological destruction is becoming more and more serious, which poses a great threat to the ecosystem on which human beings depend.In this paper, the nutrient pollution in the surface sediments of Jiulong River Basin is studied. The spatial distribution characteristics and occurrence forms of the nutrient contents in the surface sediments are analyzed and their environmental significance is discussed.Using single factor standard index method and organic matter index method to evaluate the pollution degree of nutrient in surface sediment, combined with Con N isotope tracer in surface sediment, to analyze the source of organic matter in surface sediment.The contents of acid extracted heavy metals in the surface sediments of Jiulong River Estuary were determined, and the correlation analysis, factor analysis and cluster analysis were carried out to explore their homology.The total carbon, total nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, total phosphorus and fractions of phosphorus in surface sediments of Jiulong River Basin including exchangeable phosphorus, calcium bound phosphorus, iron and aluminum bound phosphorus, closed phosphorus and organic bound phosphorus were analyzed and determined.Regression analysis was carried out on the forms of phosphorus content.The results showed that the spatial distribution of nutrient content in the surface sediments of Jiulong River basin was significantly different, especially in the upper reaches of Jiulong River, where the nutrient content was significantly higher than that in the downstream and estuary areas.The regression analysis of phosphorus forms shows that Fe / Al-P (Fe-Al bound phosphorus) is the main form of phosphorus in the surface sediments of Jiulong River Basin, and is the main factor of phosphorus nutrient pollution.The results of single factor standard index method showed that organic matter and total nitrogen (TNN) were polluted heavily, and the degree of pollution was relatively low in the range from the lowest level to the severe level.The results of organic matter index evaluation show that the organic pollution in Jiulong River basin is grade IV, so the relevant departments should pay attention to it.The nutrient autocorrelation analysis showed that there was a strong correlation between TN and TP and their inorganic phosphorus forms, which indicated that the pollution sources were similar to each other.The results of C ~ + N isotope tracing in surface sediments indicate that the source of organic matter in surface sediments of upper and lower reaches is of continental origin, while the N isotope tracer results of estuary are consistent with those of C isotope tracer.The correlation between C isotope and C / N ratio and C / P ratio shows that the C / N ratio and C / P ratio play a less important role in indicating the source of organic matter.The correlation between nutrient salts and acid extracted heavy metals in surface sediments of Jiulong River estuary shows that there is a certain correlation between nutrient salts and Zn ~ (2 +) Cu ~ (2 +) Cr ~ (2 +) Pb, which may be affected by agricultural production, mining production and natural sources.In this study, the nutrients in the surface sediments of the upper and lower reaches of the Longjiang River and in the estuary area were systematically analyzed, and the correlation between the nutrients and the heavy metals was analyzed to provide the basic data for the study of the environment and ecology in this area.And to provide the basis for the work of environmental protection.
【学位授予单位】：华侨大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X52

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