6种水生植物腐烂过程中水质理化指标的变化室内模拟研究

发布时间：2018-04-02 10:11

本文选题：水生植物　切入点：腐烂　出处：《湿地科学》2016年06期

【摘要】：为了研究各类水生植物腐烂过程中产生的营养盐对石佛寺人工湿地水体水质的持续影响,在室内模拟4类6种水生植物[漂浮植物槐叶苹(Salvinia natans)、浮水植物丘角菱(Trapa japonica)、挺水植物水烛(Typha angustifolia)和荷花(Nelumbo nucifera)、沉水植物选择穗状狐尾藻(Myriophyllum spicatum)和金鱼藻(Ceratophyllum demersum)]的腐烂过程。漂浮植物和浮水植物组、挺水植物组、沉水植物组都进行了加底泥与不加底泥实验,沉水植物组同时还进行了不同生物量植物腐烂过程对比研究。测定的指标包括水温、水体p H和水中的溶解氧含量、化学需氧量含量、总氮含量、总磷含量以及底泥的全氮、全磷和有机质含量。研究结果表明,漂浮植物、浮水植物和沉水植物最易腐烂,挺水植物相对腐烂较慢,沉水植物腐烂、分解最彻底,植物生物量越大,其腐烂时释放的营养物质越多;放置同类植物实验桶内水的p H变化规律相同,加底泥与否不影响水的p H变化规律,挺水植物实验组水中的溶解氧含量变化规律与其它实验组不同,主要与植物内部结构组织有关;挺水植物在腐烂过程中,释放有机物的过程最漫长,且释放量较大,底泥不影响水中总氮含量的变化规律,但影响水中总氮的含量;在漂浮植物、浮水植物和挺水植物腐烂过程中,其向水中释放磷的速率高于沉水植物,是否加底泥和植物生物量能影响水中总磷含量,磷在水体和底泥之间存在明显的吸附、沉淀和迁移现象。在湖泊管理过程中,应减少向湖泊系统中输入过多的能量,及时清理湖中的底泥,以避免造成水体二次污染。
[Abstract]:In order to study the effect of nutrients produced by various aquatic plants on the water quality of Shifosi constructed wetland,Floating plant, phytoplankton group, octopus plant group, submerged plant group all carried on the experiment of adding sediment and not adding sediment, and the submerged plant group also carried on the comparative study of different biomass plant decay process at the same time.Water temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen content, chemical oxygen demand content, total nitrogen content, total phosphorus content, total nitrogen, total phosphorus content and organic matter content of sediment were measured.The results showed that floating plants, phytoplankton and submerged plants were the most prone to decay, while octopus plants rotted relatively slowly, and submerged plants decomposed most thoroughly. The larger the plant biomass was, the more nutrients were released when they decomposed.The variation of pH in the water of the same plant experiment barrel was the same, but the variation of dissolved oxygen content in the water of the experimental group was different from that of the other experimental groups, but the variation of pH in the water was not affected by adding sediment or not.It is mainly related to the structure and structure of the plant, the process of releasing organic matter is the longest and the amount of release is larger, the sediment does not affect the change of total nitrogen content in water, but affects the content of total nitrogen in water.During the decay of floating plants, phytoplankton and octopus plants, the rate of phosphorus release to water is higher than that of submerged plants. Whether sediment and plant biomass can affect the total phosphorus content in water, phosphorus is adsorbed between water and sediment.Precipitation and migration.In the process of lake management, too much energy should be input to the lake system, and the sediment should be cleaned in time to avoid the secondary pollution of the water body.
【作者单位】：沈阳农业大学水利学院;四川省港航开发有限责任公司;
【基金】：辽宁省科学事业公益研究基金项目(2015003006) 辽宁省水利科技指导性计划项目(2016137-12)资助
【分类号】：X173;X52

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