应用鱼类完整性指数（F-IBI）评价小清河健康状况

发布时间：2018-04-02 11:15

本文选题：河流健康评价　切入点：生物完整性指数　出处：《山东大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：河流是联系陆地与海洋的纽带,是生物圈中物质循环的关键之一,它特殊的生境特点造就了其生物群落的多样性。河流是水生植物、底栖生物、浮游生物、两栖动物和各种鱼类的栖息地,给人类提供非常丰富的淡水资源,因此河流生态系统的健康评价越来越受到人们的重视。对于河流生态系统的健康评价,可以使用物理、化学、生物的指标。近些年的研究大多从单纯的河水水质调查转向采用生物指标,其中应用最广泛的就是生物完整性指数法。该法可采用的指示生物众多,通常可供选取的生物类群有鱼类、底栖无脊椎动物、着生藻类、浮游生物、高等维管束植物,微生物等等,研究人员根据不同河流的生物情况进行选择。国内外大多数的研究以前三种生物类群为主,其中鱼类是生物完整性指数法进行河流生态系统健康评价最早使用的指示物种,因其有用于河流生态系统健康状况研究的优势特征,因此鱼类完整性指数(Fish-index of biotic integrity, F-IBI)法是现在国内外研究河流生态系统健康状况最常用的方法。位于山东省境内的小清河,发源于济南市各大泉群,向东流入渤海,是一条具有泄洪、航运、灌溉、养殖等多功能的河流,它曾经给山东省提供了许多的水利和鱼类资源。自从20世纪80年代中期被污染后,山东政府定时对小清河的水质情况进行监测,也采取各种方法对其进行生态恢复,致力于改善小清河的健康状况。以往对小清河健康状况的研究都是集中在理化因子的指示下,本研究结合国内外河流生态系统鱼类完整性评价的指标,并结合小清河调查的实际情况,试图建立一套适合小清河河流健康状况评价的鱼类完整性(F-IBI)指标体系,并将之用来表达小清河生态系统的鱼类完整性现状以及评价小清河生态系统的健康状况。另外,本研究还分析检测到的各种理化因子与鱼类完整性指数(F-IBI)的关系,找出小清河不同河段呈现“健康”或“不健康”状态的主导因子或限制因素,为小清河的合理利用、污染治理与恢复保护提供科学依据。本研究利用2013年七月和十月对山东省小清河从源头到入海口的取点调查数据,采用Karr等修订的5大类23个指标体系,并结合山东省小清河鱼类组成特征进行候选指标的筛选,初步建立适合小清河的鱼类完整性指数(F-IBI)指标体系。之后分别采用1、3、5赋值法和比值法建立鱼类完整性评价标准,从而对小清河各个河段的生态环境状况进行健康评价。结果表明：1、3、5赋值法和比值法的结果虽然不完全相同,但趋势是一致的。小清河干流从源头到入海口的河段健康状况呈现逐渐减弱之后有所改善的趋势,源头济南市睦里测点最“健康”,到东营市的王道测点健康状况为“极差”,往东到潍坊市内的测点健康状况改善,这是因为入海口处有海洋鱼类的汇入,使得鱼类完整性有所回升。小清河支流情况比干流的健康情况好。利用Pearson相关性分析来分析F-IBI值与测定的各个理化因子的相关性,结果表明：比值法的F-IBI值与水体氨氮浓度呈负相关,说明水体氨氮浓度过高是影响小清河健康状况的一个因素。
[Abstract]:The river is the link between land and ocean, is one of the key material circulation in the biosphere, its special habitat characteristics created the diversity of biological communities. The river is aquatic plants, plankton, benthos, amphibious animal and a variety of fish habitat, provide abundant freshwater resources for mankind, so the river ecological health assessment the system has been paid more and more attention. The river ecosystem health evaluation, use the physical, chemical and biological indicators. In recent years the study mostly shifted from the river water survey using purely biological index, which is the index of biological integrity was the most widely used biological indicator. The method can be used in many biological. Groups are usually available for selection of fish, benthic invertebrates, algae, plankton, higher vascular plants, microorganisms and so on, according to the researchers With the river biological choice. Most of the research at home and abroad before the three biological species, including fish species is indicative of biological integrity index method is the earliest use of river ecosystem health assessment, because of its advantages for characteristics of the health status of river ecosystem, so the fish integrity index (Fish-index of biotic integrity, F-IBI) is now at home and abroad on the health of river ecosystem is the most commonly used method. Shandong province is located in the territory of the Xiaoqing River, originated in Ji'nan city quanqun, eastward into Bohai, is with a flood, shipping, irrigation, aquaculture and other functions of the river, it has given Shandong province provide a lot of water and fish resources. Since the middle of 1980s after being contaminated, the government of Shandong to monitor water quality of the Xiaoqing River timing, also take the various methods Ecological restoration, is committed to improving the health status of the Xiaoqing River. The previous research on the health status of the Xiaoqing River are concentrated in the physical and chemical factors under the direction of this study combined with fish integrity assessment at home and abroad of river ecosystem indicators, combined with the actual situation of the Xiaoqing River fish survey, trying to establish a suitable small integrity Qinghe River Health Evaluation Index System (F-IBI), and will be used to express the Xiaoqing River ecosystem health fish integrity status and evaluation of Xiaoqing River ecosystem. In addition, this study also analyzes various detected physicochemical factors and fish integrity index (F-IBI) relationship, or find out the dominant factors Xiaoqing River has different limiting factors of "health" or "unhealthy" state, the rational use of the Xiaoqing River, and provide scientific basis for pollution control and recovery protection. This study in 2013 In July and October in Shandong Province, the Xiaoqing River from the source to the point from the mouth of the survey data, the Karr revision of the 5 categories of 23 indicators, selection and combination of Shandong Province, the Xiaoqing River fish composition characteristics of candidate indicators, preliminary establishment of fish integrity suitable for small Qinghe index (F-IBI) index system. After using the 1,3,5 assignment method and ratio method to establish fish integrity evaluation standard, health assessment of Xiaoqing River in each section of the ecological environment. The results show that the 1,3,5 assignment method and ratio method, although the result is not exactly the same, but the trend is consistent. Xiaoqing River from the source to the mouth of the river health gradually diminished after the improvement trend, the source of Ji'nan City Mu points the "health", to the city of Dongying, King point health as "very poor", east to the point of health survey of Weifang City This is because the import situation improved, at the mouth of the fish in the ocean, the fish integrity rebounded. The Xiaoqing River tributaries than health river. To analyze the correlation between various physicochemical factors and determination of the F-IBI value of the results show that using Pearson correlation analysis: F-IBI ratio was negatively correlated with water the water ammonia concentration, ammonia concentration is too high is one of the factors influencing the Xiaoqing river health.

【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X826

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