苯系产品精馏残渣污染特性及其生物毒性研究

发布时间：2018-04-06 07:36

本文选题：精馏残渣　切入点：产污特性　出处：《北京化工大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国缺乏系统、完善的有机化工行业精馏残渣产污统计数据,对精馏残渣的污染特性和环境危害也鲜有人研究。本文通过对苯系产品有机化工生产企业进行实地调研,在调研基础上深入分析精馏残渣产污特性,并采集残渣样品对其污染特性和生物毒性开展研究,力图为精馏残渣类危废的环境管理和风险防控提供科学依据。论文主要研究结果如下：苯系产品精馏残渣产污节点复杂,产污系数规律性不明显。所调研的产品中乙基香兰素精馏残渣产污系数最大,达到0.6 t·t-1产品,而焦化行业精馏残渣产污系数普遍偏小,介于0.005-3.037 kg·t-1产品之间;苯乙烯、苯酚、苯酐、萘酚、4,4'-二羟基二苯砜、靛蓝、苯酰菌胺、2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸和苯并噻唑产品精馏残渣产污系数分别为0.04 t·t-1产品,0.1 t·t-1产品,0.08 t·t-1产品,0.03 t·t-1产品,0.036 t·t-1产品,0.015t·t-1产品,0.01 t·t-1产品,0.05 t·t-1产品和0.03 t·t-1产品。精馏残渣大部分送至危废处置企业,但萘酚精馏残渣外卖作建材添加剂,而煤焦化精馏残渣多数与煤进行共焦化处理。运用灰色理论预测对苯乙烯、苯酚和苯酐精馏残渣未来产生量进行预测,结果表明残渣产生量将持续增长,2020年分别达到63.36万t,24.22万t,18.59万t。三种产品精馏残渣的产污分布主要集中在华东地区,占比达到49.5%。采集苯酚、萘酚、乙基香兰素和4,4'-二羟基二苯砜(BPS)四种苯系产品精馏残渣进行污染特性分析。结果表明精馏残渣多为固态,颜色深,具有刺激性气味；同时残渣含水量少,挥发分较高,分别达到66.69%,48.98%,64.28%和60.86%；残渣有机组分复杂,多为酚类物质,分别达到53.64%,49.64%,66.21%和55.01%；残渣中重金属种类不定,含量差异变化大,但是Cr、Cu和Zn是普遍存在于残渣中的污染隐患。采集萘酚、乙基香兰素和4,4'-二羟基二苯砜(BPS)三种苯系产品精馏残渣进行生物毒性研究。结果表明精馏残渣浸出液体现较强的植物毒性,并对大肠杆菌的生长有一定的抑制作用；在士壤微生物多样性影响的研究中发现,萘酚精馏残渣浸出液处理的土壤微生物多样性变化不大,而经BPS及乙基香兰素精馏残渣浸出液处理的土壤微生物多样性变化较大。
[Abstract]:There is a lack of systematic and complete statistical data on the production of distillate residues in organic chemical industry in China. The pollution characteristics and environmental hazards of rectified residues are seldom studied in China.Based on the field investigation of organic chemical enterprises of benzene series products, the characteristics of rectifying residue were analyzed, and the pollution characteristics and biotoxicity of the residue samples were studied.This paper tries to provide scientific basis for environmental management and risk control of dangerous waste of distillation residue.The main results are as follows: the pollution producing nodes of benzene series products are complex and the regularity of pollution production coefficient is not obvious.Among the products investigated, the yield coefficient of ethyl vanillin rectification residue was the highest, reaching 0.6 t ~ (-1), while that of distillation residue in coking industry was generally small, ranging from 0.005-3.037 kg / t ~ (-1), styrene, phenol, phthalic anhydride, naphthol 4 ~ (4) -dihydroxydiphenyl sulfone, styrene, phenol, phthalic anhydride, naphthol 4 (4) -dihydroxydiphenyl sulfone (DDS).Most of the distillation residue is sent to the enterprise of dangerous waste disposal, but naphthol distillate residue is sold out as building materials additive, while the coal coking distillation residue is mostly coke-treated with coal.The future production of styrene, phenol and phthalic anhydride rectification residue was predicted by grey theory. The results showed that the residue production would continue to increase, reaching 633600 t, 242200 t and 185900 t respectively in 2020.The pollution distribution of the three products is mainly concentrated in East China, accounting for 49.5%.Four benzene series products, phenol, naphthol, ethylvanillin and BPS, were collected to analyze the pollution characteristics.The results showed that the residue was mostly solid, dark in color, and had a pungent smell, and the residue had less water content and higher volatile content, reaching 66.69 ~ 48.98% 64.28% and 60.86% respectively, and the organic components of the residue were complex, mostly phenols.66.21% and 55.01% of heavy metals were found in the residue, respectively, and the contents of heavy metals in the residue varied greatly, but Cr-Cu and Zn were the common pollution hazards in the residue.Naphthol, ethylvanillin and BPS4 dihydroxydihydroxydiphenyl sulfone (BPSS) were collected to study the biotoxicity of distillation residues from three benzene-series products, such as naphthol, ethylvanillin and BPSS.The results showed that distillate residue leaching liquid had strong plant toxicity and inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli to some extent.The microbial diversity of soil treated with naphthol distillate residue leachate had little change, while that treated with BPS and ethyl vanillin residue leachate had a great change.
【学位授予单位】：北京化工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X171.5;X783

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