山东省饮用水水源地环境状况调查、评估与管理对策研究

发布时间：2018-04-06 21:13

本文选题：饮用水源地　切入点：水环境质量　出处：《山东大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：饮用水水源地的环境保护一直为人民群众所关心,为党和政府所关注,它和人民群众的切身利益息息相关,并由此与国家的繁荣、发展密切的联系在一起。保护好饮用水水源地,使其不受污染威胁,是科学发展观的基本要求,也是当前生态文明建设的基本要求,同时也是一项非常重要的民生问题。本论文按照科学合理的方法,对山东省城市、城镇、乡镇、农村饮用水水源地基本信息、水质情况、环境管理情况等基础环境状况进行了全面调查,基于大量翔实可靠的数据、资料,首次对山东省饮用水源地基础环境状况情况进行了全面分析,明确了水环境质量状况,初步查清了导致水源地超标的污染来源,分析了水源地环境管理中存在的薄弱环节,并给出了合理化建议,为山东省饮用水水源地环境保护工作奠定了基础,并为政府决策提供了依据。主要结论如下：(1)地下水是山东省饮用水的主要来源,农村尤其突出。地下水在城镇水源地中的供水量约占40%,在乡镇约占55%,在农村占90%以上,从城镇到农村,地下水的供水比重不断增加。(2)山东省饮用水水源地水质总体较好,城镇、乡镇、农村水源地水质达标率均在80%以上,其中,城镇水源地达标率92%,优于乡镇和农村。水源保护区内污染主要来自非点源,非点源也是造成水源地人为污染的主要原因。一级保护区内污染近77%来自城镇、农村生活污染,近23%来自农业面源、分散式畜禽养殖等非点源污染,工业污染所占比重很低；二级保护区内污染62%来自城镇、农村生活污染,23%来自农业面源、分散式畜禽养殖等非点源污染,工业污染约占15%。(3)山东省水源地环境状况总体处于较好水平。半岛流域自然环境禀赋、污染现状、环境监督管理评估的结果均较好,评估结果较好；小清河流域自然环境禀赋、污染现状评估的结果较好,环境监督管理评估中等,评估结果较好；海河流域、淮河流域自然环境禀赋、污染现状、环境监督管理的结果均中等,评估结果中等。(4)山东省的水源地环境保护应从五个方面进一步加强。第一是加强领导、明确责任,对于辖区内水源地达标率达不到要求的,要由主要领导承担相应责任。第二是进一步加强和完善水源保护区划定和水质监测工作,以便为保护提供技术支撑。第三是对于水源地环境保护应以预防为主,预防与治理相结合,对非法污染源进行彻底的清理,对于超标水源地,建议完善净水厂处理工艺,使供水达标。第四是强化监管、预防风险,对水源地上游或补给区内所有工业污染源进行排查,建立应急预案,防范污染事故发生。第五是宣传教育、全民参与,注重加强对水源地上游企业和水源补给区内居民的水污染防治等环境保护知识的宣传和守法教育。
[Abstract]:This paper makes a comprehensive survey on the basic environmental conditions of drinking water source in Shandong Province , which is the basic requirement of the scientific development concept , and provides the basis for government decision - making . ( 2 ) The water quality of drinking water in Shandong province is better than that of towns , towns and rural areas . The water quality of urban and rural areas reaches 92 % , which is superior to the towns and rural areas . The pollution of the primary protected area is mainly from non - point sources , and the non - point source is the main cause of man - made pollution of water source .
The pollution of 62 % of secondary protected areas comes from urban and rural life pollution , 23 % comes from non - point source pollution such as agricultural surface source , dispersed livestock and poultry farming , and industrial pollution accounts for about 15 % . ( 3 ) The environment condition of water source in Shandong province is generally at a better level .
The natural natural endowment of Xiaoqing River basin , the assessment result of pollution present situation is good , the environmental supervision and management evaluation is medium , and the evaluation result is good ;
The first is to strengthen supervision and prevent the risk , to make a thorough cleaning of all industrial pollution sources in the upstream or make - up area of the water source . The fifth is to strengthen supervision and prevent the occurrence of pollution accidents . The fifth is to strengthen supervision and prevent the occurrence of pollution accidents . The fifth is to promote education and to prevent pollution accidents .

【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X321;X52

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