锑矿堆放区重金属锑淋溶释放规律及其在土—水界面环境下迁移转化模型的研究

发布时间：2018-04-09 02:30

本文选题：锑　切入点：锑矿堆放区　出处：《湖南科技大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：现代工业的迅速发展使世界对锑及其化合物的需求量越来越大。过量的开采导致锑矿堆放区大量尾矿堆积,由于缺乏有效的处理措施导致露天堆放的尾矿在受到降雨或者融雪的侵蚀作用下会释放大量的锑元素。这些锑元素会随着雨水的径流、渗透作用进入土壤及周围河流中,对锑矿区周围环境造成了极大的污染。本论文以湖南冷水江锑矿堆放区为研究对象,对堆放区各类废弃物中锑的释放规律及其在土-水界面的迁移转化过程进行研究,并对整个堆放区的污染释放量进行预测。对冷水江锑矿堆放区进行现场踏勘,占整个堆放区数量最多的三种废弃物(冶炼渣、尾矿砂、废矿石)分别进行取样。针对三种废弃物对锑的最优释放条件和在自然条件下影响废弃物释放锑元素的因素进行室内动、静态淋溶实验研究。实验结果表明:在同一条件下,三种废弃物中冶炼渣的锑释放量最大,废弃物的粒径、雨水的p H、降雨强度和降雨历时等均对废弃物中锑的淋溶释放有影响。其中雨水的p H在中性条件下锑元素释放量最大,而在弱酸条件下释放量比较小;随着降雨时间的增长,锑元素的释放量呈先升高再降低然后再升高的趋势。对锑的释放机理进行研究,锑的淋溶释放过程主要是物理冲刷和化学氧化反应的共同作用。建立锑元素的释放动力学模型和淋溶释放量模型,对堆放区的年释放量和平均释放浓度进行预测。通过对堆放区土-水界面环境下锑的迁移转化过程进行分析,堆放区土-水界面锑元素的迁移转化过程主要有对流弥散、淋溶释放和土壤吸附三种,其中对流弥散作用是迁移转化的主要方式。建立适合锑矿堆放区土-水界面的迁移转化模型,利用Laplace变换来对模型进行求解并对在迟滞因子影响下饱和土壤渗流过程中渗透速度μR和纵向弥散系数DR参数进行率定。并对方程进行土柱实验利用实验数据进行方程拟合验证,拟合相关系数为0.9715。表明该模型可以很好的模拟锑矿堆放区土-水界面中锑的迁移转化过程,为研究区域环境中锑的污染提供一定的理论基础。
[Abstract]:The rapid development of modern industry and the world demand for antimony and its compounds more. The excessive mining lead antimony ore tailings piled up large areas, due to the lack of effective treatment measures in tailings piled up in the open air under rainfall or snowmelt erosion will release of antimony elements. These elements will rain runoff with sb penetration into the soil, and the surrounding rivers, causing great pollution to the surrounding environment in antimony mine. In this paper, the Lengshuijiang of Hunan antimony ore stacking area as the research object, the waste stacking area in all kinds of antimony release rules and migration in soil water interface conversion process was studied, and the stacking area pollution the release amount of forecast of Lengshuijiang antimony stacking area carry out field investigation, accounting for the number of the three largest waste stacking area (smelting slag, tailings, waste rock) respectively. Sampling. According to the three kinds of waste on the release of antimony optimal conditions and influence factors of waste release antimony element in the natural conditions of indoor dynamic, static leaching experiment. The experimental results show that under the same conditions, three kinds of waste in the largest amount of antimony smelting slag release, waste particle size, rain P H, rainfall intensity and rainfall duration on the leaching of antimony in waste release. The rain P H under neutral condition of antimony element release is the largest, and in the weak acid condition release amount is relatively small; with the rainfall time increasing, the release amount of antimony elements were increased firstly and then decreased and then increased. Study on trend. The release mechanism of antimony, antimony leaching process is the interaction of physical erosion and chemical oxidation reaction. The amount of model release kinetic model and the establishment of the leaching of antimony element, stacking area The annual release quantity and average release concentration prediction. Based on the stacking area soil water interface under the environment of antimony migration and transformation process analysis, migration and transformation process of stacking area soil water interface of antimony elements is mainly convection dispersion, leaching and adsorption of three kinds of soil, the convection dispersion effect is the transformation of the main way. For the establishment of antimony ore stacking area soil water interface migration transformation model, using Laplace transform to solve the model and calibration of seepage velocity R and longitudinal dispersion coefficient DR saturated parameters influence on the hysteresis factor soil seepage process. And soil column experiments using the experimental data to verify the equation fitting equation fitting the correlation coefficient of 0.9715. showed that the process of migration and transformation of the model simulation of antimony can well stack area of soil water interface in antimony, for the study of regional environmental pollution of antimony in certain Theoretical basis.

【学位授予单位】：湖南科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X753;X52;X53

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