畜禽粪便资源化利用潜力研究

发布时间：2018-04-09 16:43

本文选题：畜禽粪便　切入点：肥料化　出处：《华中农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：规模化、集约化养殖业的迅猛发展导致畜禽粪便数量的大量增加,致使我国部分地区出现不同程度的环境问题。对畜禽粪便资源化利用潜力进行研究,对实现畜禽粪便的资源化利用,实现畜禽养殖业可持续发展至关重要。本研究利用调查法、文献法及统计分析法,同时采集部分省市畜禽粪便样品利用仪器分析法进行热化学转化的理论研究,探讨畜禽粪便热化学转化的能量转化效率。主要研究结果如下:(1)2013年我国畜禽粪便数量大,空间分异明显。全国畜禽粪便资源总量达623.00百万t,其中猪粪所占比例最大,达畜禽粪便总量的36.71%,其次是牛粪、家禽粪、羊粪。从分布特征来看,山东、河南、内蒙古、四川、河北五省是畜禽粪便资源最丰富的地区,分别达60.56百万t、52.23百万t、43.32百万t、42.67百万t、40.41百万t,占全国畜禽粪便资源总量的38.39%。湖南、新疆、辽宁、湖北、安徽、黑龙江、广东、广西、云南、江苏畜禽粪便产量在20百万t~30百万t,贵州、重庆、福建、甘肃、吉林、江西畜禽粪便产量在10百万t~20百万t。上海、北京、天津、海南、宁夏、青海、西藏、山西、浙江、陕西地区,这些地区不足10百万t。(2)肥料化和能源化是畜禽粪便主要的利用途径。通过对2013年对畜禽粪便肥料化指标的评定,得出2013我畜禽粪便资源中理论上含有有机质20554.23×104t、氮养分1155.42×104t、磷养分311.57×104t、钾养分774.06×104t,氮磷钾分别相当于我国2013年农业氮、磷、钾肥施用量的48.26%、37.51%、123.38%,肥料化潜力巨大。从环境的角度科学评价,90%以上的地区耕地氮磷负荷超过限量标准;2013年我国畜禽粪便完全能源化,理论含有22597.68×104t标准煤和11671.42×107m3沼气,约占我国能源消耗总量的6%,能源潜力巨大。(3)针对湖北、湖南、四川、重庆、云南、贵州六省市的猪粪、牛粪、鸡粪共计1079份畜禽粪便进行工业分析、元素分析和热值分析,结果显示:畜禽粪便含有较高水分含量(55.4%~80.20%),热化学转化前需进行必要的干燥处理,具有较高的挥发分(50.10%~68.15%)和灰分(55.10%~68.15%)以及较低的固定碳(17.68%~34.07%),在元素组成上碳含量(29.48%~41.64%)、氢含量(4.87%~7.79%)、氮含量(1.93%~4.73%)较高,而氧含量(26.97%~31.29%)较低。畜禽粪便含有微量元素Cu(2.94mg/kg~56.62mg/kg)、Zn(19.39mg/kg~118.32mg/kg)、K(0.55mg/kg~2.46mg/kg)、Na(0.23mg/kg~0.99mg/kg)、P(0.65g/kg~2.26g/kg),这些微量元素的化合物会对热化学过程的产生催化作用。热值(9.25MJ/kg~15.28MJ/kg)较高。综合分析,畜禽粪便具有高挥发分、适宜的元素成分,较高的热值,具有热化学转化利用的潜力。根据热化学转化的质量平衡和能量守恒理论进一步分析得出:畜禽粪便的能量转化效率在43.85%~71.99%,具有较高的热化学转化能源化利用潜力。
[Abstract]:The rapid development of intensive and large-scale aquaculture led to a large increase in the amount of livestock and poultry manure, resulting in environmental problems of varying degrees in some parts of China.The study on the potential utilization of livestock and poultry feces is very important to realize the utilization of animal manure and to realize the sustainable development of livestock and poultry industry.The main results are as follows: (1) in 2013, the quantity of livestock and poultry feces in China was large and the spatial differentiation was obvious.The total amount of livestock and poultry feces reached 623.00 million tons in China, among which the proportion of pig manure was the largest, which reached 36.71% of the total amount of livestock and poultry manure, followed by cow dung, poultry dung and sheep dung.In terms of distribution characteristics, Shandong, Henan, Inner Mongolia, Sichuan and Hebei provinces are the most abundant areas of livestock and poultry feces resources, reaching 60.56 million tons 52.23 million tins 43.32 million tons 42.67 million tons 40.41 million tons, accounting for 38.39m of the total livestock and poultry fecal resources in China.In Hunan, Xinjiang, Liaoning, Hubei, Anhui, Heilongjiang, Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan and Jiangsu provinces, the feces yield of livestock and poultry was 20 million tons or 30 million tons, and that of Guizhou, Chongqing, Fujian, Gansu, Jilin and Jiangxi provinces was 10 million tons or 20 million tons.Shanghai, Beijing, Tianjin, Hainan, Ningxia, Qinghai, Xizang, Shanxi, Zhejiang, Shaanxi, these areas are less than 10 million Mt. 2) Fertilizer and energy are the main ways of utilization of livestock and poultry manure.Based on the evaluation of the fertilizer index of livestock and poultry manure in 2013, it is concluded that 2013 animal manure resources contain 20554.23 脳 10 ~ 4 t organic matter, 1155.42 脳 10 ~ 4 t nitrogen nutrient, 311.57 脳 10 ~ 4 t phosphorus nutrient, 774.06 脳 10 ~ 4 t potassium nutrient respectively. The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are equivalent to agricultural nitrogen and phosphorus in 2013 in China.The amount of potassium fertilizer applied was 48.26%, 37.51% and 123.38%, and the potential of fertilizer application was great.From the point of view of environment, the nitrogen and phosphorus load of more than 90% of cultivated land exceeded the limit standard in 2013, and the theory contained 22597.68 脳 10 4 t standard coal and 11671.42 脳 107m3 biogas.Accounting for about 6% of the total energy consumption in China, the energy potential is huge. (3) Industrial analysis, elemental analysis and caloric value analysis were carried out on 1079 pieces of animal manure, cattle dung and chicken dung in Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan, Chongqing, Yunnan and Guizhou provinces and cities.The results showed that the feces of livestock and poultry contained a high water content of 55.4% and 80.20%, and the necessary drying treatment was needed before the thermochemical transformation.The caloric value of 9.25 MJ / kg = 15.28 MJ / kg was higher.Comprehensive analysis shows that animal manure has high volatile content, suitable element composition, high calorific value, and has the potential of thermochemical conversion and utilization.According to the mass balance and energy conservation theory of thermochemical transformation, it is concluded that the energy conversion efficiency of livestock and poultry manure is 43.85 and 71.99, which has higher energy utilization potential of thermochemical transformation.
【学位授予单位】：华中农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X713

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