淮南煤矿区生态环境综合评价研究

发布时间：2018-04-14 00:33

本文选题：淮南矿区 + 生态环境评价　；参考：《合肥工业大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：煤炭是我国的一种重要的能源,在我国的能源结构中占有非常重要的地位。近年来随着煤炭资源开发力度不断加强,煤矿区生态环境恶化也越来越严重。因此,需要对矿区生态环境进行科学有效地评价从而对其采取有效的生态环境保护措施。本文以淮南煤矿区为例,采用遥感解译结合查阅历年统计资料的方法,获取淮南矿区1986年、1999年和2012年的环境信息,结合《生态环境状况评价技术规范》(HJ/T192-2015)中的相关规范和要求,选取生态环境评价指标,建立淮南矿区生态环境质量评价体系,构建矿区生态环境状况评价模型,对淮南矿区进行了生态环境评价,并提出生态环境综合整治措施。本论文取得的主要成果如下：(1)通过对淮南矿区的土地覆盖类型变化以及水土流失面积变化的数据分析,表明：淮南矿区农村居民点和高覆盖度草地基本没有变化；耕地面积逐年减少；城镇用地、水域和林地面积逐年增加。总体而言,水土流失总量从1986年到2012年呈现逐年递减趋势。(2)选取生物丰度指数、植被覆盖率、水体密度指数、土地胁迫指数和污染负荷指数五个因子作为生态环境评价指标,采用改进的层次分析法确定权重,结果分别为：0.60、0.23、0.40、0.40和0.90,构建了矿区生态环境状况评价模型：生态环境状况指数(EI)=0.60×生物丰度指数+0.23×植被覆盖指数+0.04×水网密度指数+0.04×(100-土地胁迫指数)+0.09×(100-污染负荷指数)(3)对淮南矿区1986年、1999年和2012年的生态环境进行综合评价,评价结果显示1986年和2012年为“优”,1999年为“良”,1986-2012年这22年间EI的变化幅度ΔEI=-5.59,表明生态环境状况明显变差；在对淮南矿区进行综合评价的基础上,提出塌陷地修复的生态措施以及矿区的生态环境综合整治措施。通过对淮南矿区进行生态环境评价,为矿区的可持续发展提供了科学依据,同时为其他矿区的生态环境评价与生态恢复提供理论依据。
[Abstract]:Coal is an important energy in our country, and occupies a very important position in the energy structure of our country.In recent years, with the development of coal resources, the deterioration of ecological environment in coal mines is becoming more and more serious.Therefore, it is necessary to scientifically and effectively evaluate the ecological environment of mining area and take effective measures to protect the ecological environment.Taking Huainan coal mine area as an example, the environmental information of Huainan mining area in 1986, 1999 and 2012 is obtained by means of remote sensing interpretation combined with the method of consulting statistical data over the years, and the relevant specifications and requirements in the Technical Specification for Eco-environmental condition Assessment (HJ / T192-2015) are also given.The evaluation system of ecological environment quality in Huainan mining area was set up, the evaluation model of ecological environment condition in mining area was constructed, the ecological environment evaluation was carried out in Huainan mining area, and the comprehensive measures of ecological environment regulation were put forward.The main results obtained in this paper are as follows: (1) based on the data analysis of land cover type change and soil erosion area change in Huainan mining area, the results show that: there is no change in rural residential area and high coverage grassland in Huainan mining area;The area of cultivated land decreased year by year, and the area of urban land, water area and woodland increased year by year.In general, the total amount of soil and water loss decreased year by year from 1986 to 2012.) five factors, biological abundance index, vegetation coverage rate, water body density index, land stress index and pollution load index, were selected as ecological environment evaluation indexes.Using the improved Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to determine the weight,The results were 0.60 / 0.230.400.40 and 0.90, respectively. The evaluation model of ecological environment condition in mining area was established: EIZH index 0.60 脳 bioabundance index 0.23 脳 vegetation cover index 0.04 脳 water network density index 0.04 脳 land stress index) 0.09 脳 100-pollution load index.Comprehensive evaluation of ecological environment in Huainan mining area in 1986, 1999 and 2012,The results show that the variation range of ei in 1986 and 2012 is "excellent" and that in 1999 is "good" in 1986-2012, which indicates that the ecological environment condition is obviously worse, and on the basis of comprehensive evaluation of Huainan mining area,Ecological measures for restoration of subsided land and comprehensive measures for ecological environment remediation in mining area are put forward.The evaluation of ecological environment in Huainan mining area provides a scientific basis for the sustainable development of the mining area and a theoretical basis for the ecological environment evaluation and ecological restoration of other mining areas.
【学位授予单位】：合肥工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：X826

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