焦化行业持久性有机污染物健康风险评估及管理方法研究

发布时间：2018-04-14 10:00

本文选题：焦化 + POPs　；参考：《太原科技大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：持久性有机污染物(Persistent Organic Pollutants,简称POPs)具有高毒性、生物蓄积性、持久性和长距离迁移性等,对生态系统和人类健康都有重大危害,近年来日益受到国际社会和学者的普遍关注。根据联合国环境规划署发布的报告等资料,焦化行业是可能产生POPs的重要来源,但目前针对这一行业的POPs污染管控的还缺乏系统科学的方法体系。我国是一个焦炭生产大国,本论文针对焦化行业持久性有机污染物控制中的排放特征、健康风险评估和风险管控策略等关键问题开展研究,建立基于健康风险量化评价的焦化行业POPs污染风险管控技术体系,对于完成履约任务、保障人民身体健康、促进生态文明建设具有重要的现实意义。论文通过开展典型监测和文献调研,对焦化行业POPs排放的特征进行了研究,并确定了焦化行业POPs的排放因子;在美国健康风险评估“4-步法”的基础上,应用AERMOD大气扩散模式进行污染物扩散模拟,构建了POPs风险评估的数值模拟方法,并结合实例对影响焦化行业POPs污染风险的主要因素进行了研究;以数值模拟技术为主要手段,建立了风险管控的决策分析体系,包括源头控制的定量评估策略和区域分级管控策略。研究结果表明,焦化行业POPs排放的主要途径是大气污染物排放,主要的POPs污染物质是PAHs;利用AERMOD大气扩散模式可以实现对污染物大气扩散过程的有效模拟,并对污染物质人体健康风险的空间分布进行量化评估,污染源规模、布局、人群等因素均会对区域人体健康风险产生显著影响;运用量化模型可以对不同污染治理措施降低区域健康风险的效果进行评价、比选,同时实现按照风险级别对空间的分区差异化管理,有效提高风险管控的效率。
[Abstract]:Persistent Organic pollutants (POPs) are highly toxic, bioaccumulative, persistent and long-range migration, and have great harm to ecosystem and human health. In recent years, the international community and scholars have paid more and more attention to them.According to the report published by the United Nations Environment Program, coking industry is an important source of POPs, but there is no systematic and scientific method system for POPs pollution control in this industry.China is a big country in coke production. In this paper, the emission characteristics, health risk assessment and risk control strategies of persistent organic pollutants (pops) in coking industry are studied.It is of great practical significance to establish the technical system of POPs pollution risk management and control based on the quantitative evaluation of health risk in coking industry. It is of practical significance to complete the task of performing the contract, to ensure the health of the people and to promote the construction of ecological civilization.Through typical monitoring and literature investigation, this paper studies the characteristics of POPs emission in coking industry, and determines the emission factors of POPs in coking industry.The AERMOD atmospheric diffusion model is used to simulate pollutant diffusion, and a numerical simulation method of POPs risk assessment is constructed, and the main factors affecting the POPs pollution risk in coking industry are studied with an example.The decision analysis system of risk control is established, including quantitative evaluation strategy of source control and regional hierarchical control strategy.The results show that the main way of POPs emission in coking industry is the emission of atmospheric pollutants, the main pollutant of POPs is PAHs, and the effective simulation of atmospheric diffusion process of pollutants can be realized by using AERMOD atmospheric diffusion model.The spatial distribution of human health risk is evaluated quantitatively. The scale of pollution source, distribution of pollution source, population and other factors will have a significant impact on the regional human health risk.The quantitative model can be used to evaluate and select the effects of different pollution control measures to reduce regional health risk, at the same time to realize the spatial differentiation management according to the risk level, and to effectively improve the efficiency of risk control.
【学位授予单位】：太原科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X82;X322

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