秦岭北麓不同区域大气颗粒物（PM2.5）的研究

发布时间：2018-04-17 07:24

本文选题：PM2.5 + 日变化　；参考：《西北农林科技大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文根据《陕西省森林“负氧离子、PM2.5、SO2”监测实施方案(试运行)》的要求,选取具有代表性的中高山混交林(乔木林)、浅山混交林(灌木林)、郊区(平原区)农地(灌草型绿地)、城市空旷区域为固定监测类型,分别在陕西太白山国家级自然保护区(周至厚畛子保护站)、陕西省楼观台国家森林公园(周至县楼观镇),牛背梁自然保护区(长安区大兆街办东曹村)、陕西省林业设计院(西安市西稍门)设点进行试验性监测。对所选取的四个监测点进行日变化规律、季节变化规律的研究,特别在楼观台国家森林公园这一监测点开展了在不同天气状况、不同风速及不同位置对PM2.5的变化规律的研究。本研究主要得到以下结论:(1)根据四个监测点2013年4月-2014年4月的监测结果分析得出,大气颗粒物(PM2.5)污染浓度相对大小呈现出森林覆盖率高的区域对PM2.5的削弱作用强,森林覆盖率低的区域对PM2.5的削弱作用弱。(2)同一区域内四季大气颗粒物(PM2.5)污染浓度春季最高,夏季最低,一般规律为春季冬季秋季夏季。(3)四个监测点中,太白山、楼观台两个监测点年平均值均低于国家年平均标准值35ug/m3,而牛背梁、设计院两个监测点年平均值均高于国家年平均标准值35 ug/m3。(4)在污染浓度最高的春季对四个监测点做研究,发现只有太白山在春季三个月监测中均未超出大气颗粒物(PM2.5)日均标准值75 ug/m3,楼观台只有4月10日监测值未超出日均标准值75 ug/m3。牛背梁、设计院在春季三个月的监测中,每次监测数值均超出日均标准值75 ug/m3,属于大气颗粒物超标。(5)选择在2014年4月10号到4月30号在楼观台国家森林公园连续监测一月大气颗粒物(PM2.5)和(PM10),对(PM2.5)和(PM10)的相关性作出判断,并且在楼观台做出同一监测点不同天气状况、不同风速及不同位置对PM2.5影响的研究,结论为(PM2.5)随着(PM10)增加而增加,成正相关关系。而且天气状况影响结果为阴天晴天雨天,随着风速变大PM2.5浓度越小,风速与污染浓度成负相关性,同一监测点不同位置监测结果显示,森林覆盖率越高PM2.5浓度越低。
[Abstract]:In this paper, according to the requirements of the monitoring scheme (trial operation) of "negative oxygen ion (PM2.5) so _ 2" in the forest of Shaanxi Province,The representative middle and high mountain mixed forest (Arbor forest, shrubbery forest, suburb (plain) farmland) and urban open area were selected as the fixed monitoring type.In Shaanxi Taibai Mountain National Nature Reserve (Zhou Zhi Hou Zhen Zi Protection Station), Shaanxi Province Lou Guantai National Forest Park (Zhou Zhi County Lou Guan Zhen Li, Niu Beiliang Nature Reserve) (Chang'an District, Dazhao Street do East Cao Village, Shaanxi Province Forest)Industrial Design Institute (Xi'an City Xishuomen) set up a site for experimental monitoring.The diurnal and seasonal variation patterns of the four monitoring points were studied, especially the variation of PM2.5 in different weather conditions, different wind speeds and different locations at the monitoring point of Louguantai National Forest Park.The main conclusions of this study are as follows: (1) according to the monitoring results of four monitoring points from April 2013 to April 2014, it is concluded that the relative size of atmospheric particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution concentration shows that the area with high forest coverage has a strong weakening effect on PM2.5.In the same region, the pollution concentration of atmospheric particulate matter (PM2.5) was the highest in spring and the lowest in summer. The general rule was: spring, winter, autumn, summer, etc.) of the four monitoring sites, Taibai Mountain, where forest coverage was low, had a weak weakening effect on PM2.5, and the concentration of PM2.5) was the highest in spring and the lowest in summer.The annual average values of the two monitoring points of the building observation platform are all lower than the national average annual standard value of 35ugr / m3, while the average annual average of the two monitoring points of the design institute is higher than the national average annual standard value of 35ug.m3.4. in the spring when the pollution concentration is the highest, the four monitoring sites are studied.It was found that only Taibai Mountain did not exceed the atmospheric particulate matter (PM2.5) in the three months of spring. The daily standard value was 75ugm3.Only on April 10, the monitoring value of the observation platform of the building did not exceed the daily average value of 75ug.m3.Cattle back beam, design institute during the spring three months of monitoring,Each monitoring value exceeded the daily standard value of 75 ug.m3, belonging to atmospheric particulates exceeding the standard.) selected from April 10 to April 30, 2014, the National Forest Park of Louguantai monitored the correlation between PM2.5) and PM1010) and made a judgment on the correlation between PM2.5) and PM10).The effects of different weather conditions, different wind speeds and different locations on PM2.5 at the same observation station were studied. The conclusion is that PM2.5) increases with the increase of PM10), which is positively correlated.The results showed that the higher the wind speed, the smaller the PM2.5 concentration, the negative correlation between the wind speed and the pollution concentration. The higher the forest coverage was, the lower the PM2.5 concentration was.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X513

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