轨道交通施工对城市水环境的影响评估及对策分析

发布时间：2018-04-18 00:40

本文选题：轨交施工 + 水质评价　；参考：《苏州科技学院》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：水环境,是我们赖以生存的外界环境的重要组成要素,水环境的健康保护是社会可持续发展的基础条件。城市河道作为城市内水环境的重要载体,是维持城市生态系统平衡的关键,具有环境保护、旅游娱乐、文化教育以及交通运输等多功能价值。但随着城市快速发展过程中,城市建设工程大肆兴起,大量涉水工程加剧了河道水环境被破坏影响,目前已成为我国乃至全世界最显著的城市环境问题。本课题研究针对苏州轨交3号线站点施工断河工程对所涉及河道水环境的影响,进行评估分析并提出科学可行的补偿措施,对于指导本次轨交建设过程中对城市河道水环境的可持续管理保护具有重要的理论以及现实意义,为同类城市建设工程提供参照以及方案决策依据。本文在对轨交站点施工工程特点研究以及污染源排查的基础上,选择典型站点横山路站、沧浪新亭站、宝带西路站、群星二路站展开影响研究,水环境影响评估分析分为水质影响分析以及水生态影响分析两部分。水质影响评估分析研究运用典型污染指标单项独立分析配合整体水环境系统模糊综合评价分析法,将模糊数学模型概念里的隶属函数以及隶属度的原理引入水环境质量影响评价体系中,通过选择代表性的污染因子建立评价因子集,国家地表水标准作为评价集,采用隶属度加权平均的原则建立模糊模型对水质状况进行评价,根据各断面水质评价指数的优劣比较以及时间变化趋势确定轨交站点施工对河道水质产生恶化影响,以及通过各评价因子的权重值比较判断河道水质受施工影响的主要污染物为有机物以及氨氮。水生态影响评估分析主要研究河道地表水浮游生物综合指标,从包括浮游生物种群结构、浮游生物密度以及浮游生物多样性三个角度评估分析河道水生态环境受轨交站点施工影响趋势。利用现场采集生物活性样本并对照生物图谱鉴定划分浮游生物种群结构,寻找具有生态指示性功能生物的存在变化。固定采集到的水样读取浮游生物量,计算浮游生物密度以及Margalef多样性指数,研究分析各项指标数据均有恶化趋势,评估轨交断河施工对河道水生态环境产生明显的影响,河道水生态健康状况受到威胁。最后,针对受影响的河道进行补偿改善措施,提出建议,分为站点施工期间以及施工结束后两个阶段,通过传统的水质改善工程措施以及新兴的水生态修复技术措施两个方面改善受工程影响的河道区域的水环境。
[Abstract]:The water environment is an important component of the external environment on which we live. The health protection of the water environment is the basic condition for the sustainable development of the society.As an important carrier of urban water environment, urban river is the key to maintain the balance of urban ecosystem. It has many functions such as environmental protection, tourism and entertainment, culture and education, transportation and so on.However, with the rapid development of the city, the urban construction project is on the rise, and a large number of wading projects have aggravated the damage of river water environment, which has become the most significant urban environmental problem in China and the world at present.In this paper, according to the influence of the river cut off project of Suzhou Railway Line 3 station on the river channel water environment involved, the evaluation and analysis are carried out and the scientific and feasible compensation measures are put forward.It is of great theoretical and practical significance to guide the sustainable management and protection of urban river channel water environment in the course of the rail interchange construction. It provides reference for the similar urban construction projects and the basis for the scheme decision.On the basis of the research on the construction characteristics of rail crossing station and the investigation of pollution sources, this paper selects the typical stations, such as Hengshan Road Station, Canglang Xinting Station, Baodai West Road Station and Group Star second Road Station, to carry out the influence research.Water environmental impact assessment is divided into two parts: water quality impact analysis and water ecological impact analysis.Study on Water quality impact Assessment using single and Independent Analysis of typical pollution Indexes combined with Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Analysis of the whole Water Environment system,The membership function and the principle of membership degree in the concept of fuzzy mathematical model are introduced into the water environment quality impact assessment system. The evaluation factor set is established by selecting representative pollution factors, and the national surface water standard is used as the evaluation set.The fuzzy model is established to evaluate the water quality condition by using the principle of weighted average of membership degree. According to the comparison of water quality evaluation index of each section and the trend of time change, it is determined that the construction of rail crossing station has a deterioration effect on river water quality.The main pollutants affected by construction are organic matter and ammonia nitrogen.The analysis of water ecological impact assessment mainly studies the comprehensive index of plankton in surface water of river, including the structure of plankton population.Assessment of plankton density and plankton diversity the trend of river water ecological environment affected by railway station construction is analyzed.The biological activity samples were collected and compared with the biotic map to identify the phytoplankton population structure and to find out the existing changes of the organisms with ecological indicative function.The fixed collected water samples read plankton quantity, calculate plankton density and Margalef diversity index, study and analyze the deterioration trend of each index data, and evaluate the obvious influence of rail crossing river construction on river channel water ecological environment.The ecological health of river water is threatened.Finally, according to the affected river channel compensation and improvement measures, put forward suggestions, divided into station construction period and after the construction of two stages,Through the traditional water quality improvement engineering measures and the new water ecological restoration technical measures, the water environment of the river area affected by the project is improved.
【学位授予单位】：苏州科技学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X82

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