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北京地区雾霾气象因子分析及判别标准的改进

发布时间:2018-04-19 20:07

  本文选题: + 时空分布 ; 参考:《南京信息工程大学》2015年硕士论文


【摘要】:随着北京等经济发达地区城市化、工业化的迅速发展,向大气中排放的气溶胶和污染气体不断增加,导致北京地区大气能见度日渐恶化,雾霾天气频发,对人们生产生活健康造成很大影响。因此细致地分析北京地区大气能见度影响因子、雾霾天气时的气象成因以及制定一个各经济发达地区适用性较好的雾霾判别方法,能够对北京及我国其他城市地区提高空气质量,霾天气预警以及制定雾霾判别标准有重要意义。本文利用2014年北京地区18个常规气象观测站的气象观测数据和资料,根据典型几个雾霾判别方法,北京地区霾时空分布情况进行分析;并以北京顺义站为例分析北京顺义地区大气能见度及其影响因子;结合11月19至21日北京的严重雾霾天气过程,分析此次短时间段内重雾霾污染天气污染过程及气象条件变化情况分析。并利用2013年中三大经济区14个站点的部分PM2.5有效观测数据及其气象资料,分析了3个典型地区雾霾天气特征情况,对现有雾霾判别标准进行改进。结果表明:2014年北京顺义地区由方法1(日均能见度l0km,日均相对湿度90%,判定为霾日)统计得到的霾天数最多,与现有判别标准统计出的结果较为接近。北京地区2014年霾空间分布总体呈现由南向北递减的趋势。在人口密集,城市化进程发展迅速的北京、朝阳、房山等市区,一年累计霾天均在90d及以上。不同季节,北京地区霾季节分布特征差异较大。北京地区霾季节分布,冬季春季夏季秋季。按现有雾霾判别标准对北京顺义地区2014年雾天气进行剔除,订正的消光系数在秋冬季节仍与消光系数差异较大。订正后的消光系数在春季和夏季日变化趋势一致,秋季和冬季变化趋势一致;在春夏季均是上午大于下午;秋冬季早晚大于中午。干消光系数与霾天季节分布基本一致,两者有较好的相关性达到了0.89。2014年顺义站观测期间有46.27%处于霾污染状态。当PM2.5质量浓度大于200μg.m-3时,霾发生的概率达到100%。当大气能见度随着PM2.5质量浓度增大呈指数下降的趋势,相关性达到了0.71。能见度为10km时,PM2.5质量浓度为57.81μg.m-3时。能见度多元线性回归方程的预测值与实测值变化趋势一致,不同相对湿度区间,影响能见度的气象因子权重不同。当北京本地存在较高浓度的气溶胶等污染物,叠加不利的气象条件,是造成重雾霾天气的主要内因和外因;城市地区密集的建筑和地形因素则是重雾霾天气加重的辅助因素。北京多以低湿(80%)下PM2.5超标和高湿的雾霾混合情况为主。杭州和广州多以高相对湿度下雾霾混合及雾情况较多。以北京为代表的京津冀地区,较之广州为代表的珠三角地区雾霾污染严重。杭州地区多出现低于5km的轻中度雾霾天:广州地区低中高档能见度均出现,北京地区较多集中在10km以上和低于6km。不同地区在不同相对湿度分档情况下PM2.5细粒子对大气消光呈现不同的敏感性。在现有观测业务水平及环保部门空气质量标准的基础上,将PM2.5质量浓度、相对湿度以及能见度判别指标值分别调整为35μg·m-3、90%以及7.5km。改进后的雾霾判别方法能很好区分现有雾霾判别标准中的雾霾混合情况,所有低能见度事件能完全鉴别,对以雾霾混合天气为主的城市地区有较好的适用性,改进后雾霾判别方法与现有雾霾判别标准的雾-霾统计结果变化趋势一致。
[Abstract]:With the urbanization of Beijing and other economically developed areas, the rapid development of industrialization, the increasing of aerosol and pollution to the atmosphere, resulting in the worsening of the visibility of the atmosphere in Beijing, the frequent fog and haze, and the great influence on people's health and health. Therefore, the influence factors of the visibility of the atmosphere in Beijing are carefully analyzed. The meteorological causes of fog and haze weather and the formulation of a haze discrimination method with good applicability in the developed areas can be of great significance for improving air quality, haze weather warning and making fog and haze discrimination criteria in Beijing and other cities in China. In this paper, the meteorological view of 18 conventional meteorological observation stations in Beijing area in 2014 is used in this paper. The spatial and temporal distribution of haze in Beijing area was analyzed according to several typical haze discrimination methods, and the atmospheric visibility and its influence factors in Shunyi area of Beijing were analyzed with the example of Shunyi Railway Station in Beijing, and the heavy haze pollution in the short period of November was analyzed with the severe haze process in Beijing from 19 to 21 November. With the analysis of the changes in the dyeing process and meteorological conditions, and using the effective observation data and the meteorological data from the part of the PM2.5 in the 14 sites of the three major economic zones of 2013, the characteristics of the haze weather in the 3 typical areas are analyzed and the existing fog and haze criteria are improved. The results show that the method 1 (daily average visibility l0km) in the area of Beijing in 2014. The number of haze days obtained by the daily average relative humidity of 90%, determined as haze day) is the most, which is close to the results obtained by the existing criteria. In 2014, the spatial distribution of haze in Beijing region is generally decreasing from south to north. In the city of Beijing, Chaoyang and Fangshan, which has a dense population and the rapid development of urbanization, the cumulative haze days are in 90d. In different seasons, the distribution characteristics of haze season in Beijing area are very different. The distribution of haze season in Beijing area, winter spring and summer and autumn. According to the existing fog and haze discrimination standard, the fog weather in Shunyi area of Beijing in 2014 is eliminated, the revised extinction coefficient is still different from the extinction coefficient in autumn and winter. The revised extinction coefficient is in spring. The change trend in summer and winter is the same as that in the autumn and winter. In the spring and summer season, it is greater in the morning than in the afternoon, and in autumn and winter is more than noon. The dry extinction coefficient is basically the same as the haze day distribution. There is a good correlation between 46.27% and 46.27% haze pollution in the observational period of the Shunyi Railway Station. When the quality of PM2.5 is quality, it has a good correlation. When the concentration is more than 200 g.m-3, the probability of haze occurs to 100%. when the visibility of the atmospheric visibility decreases exponentially with the increase of the mass concentration of PM2.5. When the correlation reaches the 0.71. visibility of 10km and the PM2.5 mass concentration is 57.81 mu g.m-3, the predicted values of the multiple linear regression equation of visibility are in accordance with the measured values, and the relative humidity is different. Degree interval, the weight of meteorological factors that affect visibility is different. When there are high concentrations of aerosol and other pollutants in Beijing, superimposed weather conditions are the main internal and external causes for heavy haze weather. The dense architectural and topographic factors in urban areas are auxiliary factors of heavy haze weather. Beijing is mostly low humidity (80%). The mixture of lower PM2.5 and high humidity is the main mixture. Hangzhou and Guangzhou are more mixed with fog and haze under high relative humidity. In the Beijing Tianjin Hebei region, represented by Beijing, the fog and haze pollution in the Pearl River Delta is more serious than that of Guangzhou. In Hangzhou, the light and moderate haze days are lower than the 5km, and the low middle and high grade energy of Guangzhou area is low. The visibility of PM2.5 particles in Beijing area is more concentrated above and below 6km. in different relative humidity areas. PM2.5 fine particles are sensitive to atmospheric extinction. On the basis of the existing observation business level and the air quality standards of environmental protection departments, the quality of PM2.5, relative humidity and visibility are identified. The haze discrimination method adjusted to 35 mu g / m-3,90% and 7.5km. can distinguish the haze mixing in the existing haze criteria, and all the low visibility events can be fully identified. It is better for the urban areas with fog and haze mixed weather, and the improved haze discrimination method and the existing haze discriminant criteria are improved. The statistical results of the fog haze statistics are consistent.

【学位授予单位】:南京信息工程大学
【学位级别】:硕士
【学位授予年份】:2015
【分类号】:X513

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