波形潜流人工湿地处理重污染河水的试验研究

发布时间：2018-04-20 03:05

本文选题：波形潜流人工湿地 + 复合填料　；参考：《兰州交通大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：河流是城市水资源的重要来源,也是污染物排放的主要受体。随着城镇集约化发展,土地的连片开发利用,河流水质有不断恶化的趋势。人工湿地具有建设、运行和维护费用低,处理效果好,抗冲击负荷能力较强,良好的生态景观效应等优点,是水环境治理和修复的友好生态技术。本研究根据国家“水体污染控制与治理”科技重大专项的任务要求,结合地方环境治理需要,通过河流水体污染源解析,人工湿地基质筛选试验,波形潜流湿地动态小试试验,高埔小河重污染支流污水处理示范工程设计,以期为我国河流治理提供技术参考。本论文主要研究结论有:(1)对高埔小河四项水质指标进行了分析,发现下游水体水质较差,污染物主要来源于高埔村支流。采用主成分分析方法对高埔小河的8种理化指标进行了源解析,结果表明:上游地表水体的污染主要来源于农业面源污染,中游地表水体的污染主要来源于分散生活污染源,下游地表水体的污染主要来源于点源排放。(2)对比研究了土壤复合填料湿地柱状反应器(A)和陶粒复合填料湿地柱状反应器(B)处理高埔村支流河水的效果。在进水中CODcr浓度很低,而NH3-N和TN很高的情况下,A、B反应器对于NH3-N和TN仍具有很好的去除效果:其中,A反应器NH3-N和TN的平均去除率分别为88.82%和85.15%,而B反应器的分别为91.84%和85.92%。复合填料包中添加的固体缓释碳源(木屑)对于TN的去除具有很好的促进作用。(3)波形潜流湿地动态小试采用了接种挂膜的方式,挂膜期间温度较低,采取了强化曝气、装置地埋等措施保证了挂膜的顺利进行,一定程度上缩减了系统在冬季低温期启动挂膜上的历时。对比研究了单一砾石填料波形潜流湿地(对照组)和复合填料波形潜流湿地(实验组)在脱氮除磷上的效果差异,结果表明,在进水C/N很低的情况下,实验组仍具有很好的脱氮效果,TN去除率高达72.33%;而对照组由于反硝化细菌所需的碳源不足,反硝化作用受到抑制,脱氮效果较差,TN平均去除率只有40.96%;实验组对TP的去除主要依靠复合填料的吸附作用以及铁碳微电解作用等物化作用,去除率为62.97%。实验组和对照组出水的pH均比进水要高。pH值的变化主要受微生物的硝化/反硝化作用、基质的缓冲作用、铁碳微电解作用和微生物代谢作用等影响。不同水力负荷条件下,两组湿地对污染物均有较好的去除效果,说明系统耐冲击负荷。实验组在高水力负荷条件下对污染物的去除率相较于对照组有更大幅度的提高,说明实验组的耐冲击负荷能力比对照组要强。考虑到工程实际应用中填料的装填以及成本等问题,建议采用以当地土壤为主,混合木炭、木屑和铁屑组成的复合填料包作为湿地的基质。复合填料包填充的波形潜流人工湿地对于污染物具有很好的去除效果,尤其具有强化脱氮除磷的作用,可以应用到高埔村支流处理工程设计当中,对于我国河流治理提供了有意义的参考。
[Abstract]:River is an important source of urban water resources, and it is also the main source of pollutant emission. With the intensive development of cities and towns, the continuous development and utilization of land, the water quality of the river has a tendency to deteriorate continuously. The construction of the constructed wetland, the low cost of operation and maintenance, the good treatment effect, the strong ability to resist the impact load, the good ecological landscape effect and so on are excellent. According to the task requirements of the national "water pollution control and control", this study is based on the task requirements of the national "water pollution control and control" major special project, combined with the needs of local environmental control, through the analysis of the source of river water pollution, the selection test of artificial wetland matrix, the dynamic test of the wave subsurface wetland, and the heavy pollution branch of the high Po River In order to provide technical reference for the river management in China, the main conclusions of this paper are as follows: (1) four water quality indexes of the high Po small river were analyzed and found that the water quality in the lower reaches of the river was poor and the pollutants were mainly from the tributary of the high Po village. 8 kinds of physical and chemical indexes of the high Po small river were introduced by the principal component analysis method. The source analysis shows that the pollution of the upper surface water body mainly comes from the agricultural non-point source pollution. The pollution of the surface water in the middle reaches mainly comes from the scattered living pollution sources, and the pollution in the downstream surface water is mainly derived from the point source emission. (2) the soil composite filled wetland column reactor (A) and the ceramsite composite packing wetland column are compared and studied. The effect of B treatment on the river of the high Po Village branch. The concentration of CODcr in the influent is very low, while the A, B reactor still has a good removal effect for NH3-N and TN under the condition of high NH3-N and TN. The average removal rate of NH3-N and TN in the A reactor is 88.82% and 85.15% respectively, while the B reactors are 91.84% and the composite packing bags respectively. The solid release carbon source (wood chips) added to the TN has a good promotion effect on the removal of it. (3) the dynamic small dynamic test of the waved subsurface flow wetland adopts the method of inoculation and hanging film, the temperature is low during the film hanging, and the measures of strengthening aeration and installation are adopted to ensure the smooth progress of the film, to a certain extent, the system has been reduced to the cold period in winter. The effects of single gravel packing wave subsurface flow wetland (control group) and composite packing wave subsurface wetland (experimental group) on nitrogen and phosphorus removal were compared. The results showed that the experimental group still had good denitrification effect and the removal rate of TN was up to 72.33% under the low influent C/N, while the control group was denitrification due to denitrification. The carbon source required by bacteria is insufficient, denitrification is suppressed, denitrification is poor and the average removal rate of TN is only 40.96%. The removal of TP in the experimental group mainly depends on the adsorption of composite packing and iron carbon micro electrolysis, and the removal rate is higher than that of the 62.97%. experimental group and the pH of the exposed group, which is higher than the influent.PH value. The effects of microbial nitrification / denitrification, buffer action of matrix, micro electrolysis of iron and carbon and microbial metabolism. Under different hydraulic loads, two groups of wetlands have a better removal effect on pollutants, indicating the impact load of the system. The removal rate of pollutants under the condition of high hydraulic load is compared with that of the experimental group. Considering the loading and cost of the packing in the actual engineering application, it is suggested to use a composite packing bag composed of local soil, mixed charcoal, wood chips and iron chips as the matrix of wetland. The flow constructed wetland has a good removal effect on pollutants, especially with the effect of strengthening denitrification and phosphorus removal. It can be applied to the engineering design of the tributary of the village of high Po village, which provides a meaningful reference for the river management in China.

【学位授予单位】：兰州交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：X522;X703

【参考文献】