人工水草在半咸水水域水质净化中的应用及其机理研究

发布时间：2018-04-20 18:24

本文选题：半咸水 + 人工水草　；参考：《中国海洋大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：半咸水是一类介于咸水和淡水之间的水,通常存在于河流入海口区域,盐度在0.5-30之间,常用的水体修复技术往往不适用于半咸水污染水体。根据污染半咸水水体盐度高、水质改善难度大的问题,研究超细立体纤维人工水草法改善水质的工艺及净化规律,分析人工水草表面微生物生长规律、微生物活性、代谢特征和多样性以揭示人工水草净化水质机理。定期对试验水域的各项水质指标进行检测,运用DAPI法测定微生物的数量,FDA法测定微生物的活性,运用Biolog技术和454高通量测序手段相结合来分析人工水草表面生物膜中微生物的物种多样性和代谢多样性。结果表明,人工水草放入试验半咸水水域后,对高锰酸盐指数、浊度、氨氮的去除率分别达到了17.90%～57.75%、39.19%～73.95%、36.74%～60.07%,且试验水域水质和对照水域各项水质指标存在显著性差异。随着人工水草放入水中时间越长,人工水草表面微生物数量逐渐增加(最多达到了9.23x107个/g),活性在不断增强,每一净水周期微生物数量和活性的增长率与TP、氨氮和浊度的去除率存在显著相关性。运用Biolog-Eco技术分析放入水中不同时间的人工水草表面微生物碳源代谢特征,结果表明,随时间微生物代谢活性(用AWCD值表示)有一个先增强后减弱的过程,且通过对AWCD值的单因素方差分析得出微生物对碳源的利用有显著性差异(F=9.42Fo.os(4,39)=2.64);微生物对六大类碳源的相对利用率从高到低分别为：碳水化合物、多聚物、氨基酸类、羧酸类、酚酸类和胺类；微生物多样性指数Shannon、Simpson、McIntosh指数均有一个先增加后降低的过程。运用454高通量测序在人工水草表面生物膜中共提取到了221830条优质序列,检测到了36门、105纲、202目、312科和480属,可见微生物物种非常丰富；在不同时间,在门、纲、目、科、属的水平下优势菌种均存在一定差异性,但总体来看,优势菌种所占比例还是高于其他菌种的；第10周物种丰度达到最大；第3周与其他周丰度存在差异性,可能是由于天气或者试验水域水体与外界水体交换等外界原因,比较适宜变形菌门(Proteobacteria)繁殖,别的物种生长繁殖受到限制。变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、蓝藻门(Cyanobacteria)、拟杆菌(Bacteroidetes)、浮霉菌门(Planctomycetes)和放线菌门(Actinobacteria)是人工水草表面生物膜中含量最多的几种微生物。其中变形菌门是去除COD的主要作用者。人工水草运用在净化半咸水水域水质中,水质有所改善。通过对人工水草表面生物膜中微生物的一系列研究也为其使用提供了一定的理论依据。它的使用不受温度、盐度、光照等条件限制,材料便宜易得,材料本身不会对水体造成污染,并可以重复使用。
[Abstract]:Brackish water is a kind of water between brackish water and fresh water. It usually exists in the estuary area of rivers and its salinity is between 0.5-30. The commonly used water remediation techniques are often not suitable for semi-salty water pollution water bodies. According to the problems of high salinity and difficulty in improving water quality of polluted brackish water body, the process and purification law of improving water quality by ultrafine stereoscopic fiber artificial waterweed method were studied, and the microorganism growth law and microbial activity on artificial watergrass surface were analyzed. Metabolic characteristics and diversity were used to reveal the mechanism of water purification by artificial watergrass. The water quality indexes of the experimental waters were regularly tested, and the number of microbes was determined by DAPI method and the activity of microbes was determined by the DAPI method. Biolog technique and 454 high throughput sequencing were used to analyze the species diversity and metabolic diversity of microorganisms in the surface biofilm of artificial aquatic grass. The results showed that the removal rates of permanganate index, turbidity and ammonia nitrogen reached 17.90%, 57.75%, 39.19% and 73.95%, 36.74% and 60.07%, respectively, and there were significant differences between the water quality of the experimental waters and that of the control waters after the artificial watergrass was put into the experimental brackish water area, and the results showed that the removal rates of permanganate index, turbidity and ammonia nitrogen reached 17.90%, 57.75% and 39.19% respectively. The more time artificial watergrass is put into water, the more microbes on the surface of artificial watergrass increase (up to 9.23x107 / gg, the activity is increasing. There was a significant correlation between the growth rate of microbial quantity and activity and the removal rate of TP, NH3-N and turbidity in each water purification cycle. The characteristics of microbial carbon source metabolism on the surface of artificial watergrass at different time were analyzed by Biolog-Eco technique. The results showed that the microbial metabolic activity (expressed by AWCD value) increased first and then decreased with time. The results of single factor variance analysis of AWCD showed that there was significant difference in the utilization of carbon source by microbes (F _ (9.42) Fo.ostio _ (439)) 2.64%, and the relative utilization ratio of microorganism to six kinds of carbon sources was: carbohydrate, polypeptide, amino acid, carboxylic acid, carboxylic acid, carboxylic acid, carboxylic acid, carboxylic acid, carboxylic acid, carboxylic acid, carboxylic acid and carboxylic acid, respectively. Phenolic acids and amines, and the Shannon Simpsonian McIntosh index of microbial diversity had a process of first increasing and then decreasing. A total of 221830 high quality sequences were extracted from the surface biofilm of artificial aquatic plants by 454 high throughput sequencing. 36 phyllodes, 105 orders, 202 orders, 312 families and 480 genera were detected. It can be seen that there are abundant microbial species at different times, including phylum, class, order, family. In general, the percentage of dominant bacteria was higher than that of other species, the species abundance reached the maximum at the 10th week, and the difference existed between the third week and other week. It may be due to the weather or the exchange of experimental waters with external water bodies that it is more suitable for Proteobacteria) to reproduce, while the growth and reproduction of other species is restricted. Among them, Proteus phylum is the main role of removing COD. Artificial waterweed is used in purifying brackish water, and the water quality is improved. A series of studies on microbes in the surface biofilm of artificial watergrass also provide some theoretical basis for its application. Its use is not limited by temperature, salinity, illumination and other conditions, the material is cheap and easy to obtain, the material itself will not cause pollution to the water, and can be reused.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X52;X173

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