汞在三江平原鱼—鹭食物链中的传递与累积

发布时间：2018-04-22 10:29

本文选题：汞 + 苍鹭　；参考：《东北林业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：研究汞在生态系统不同物种中的分布特征及生态效应,对于正确评价汞污染生态风险、保护敏感物种免受汞毒害是非常必要的。湿地是汞的“活性库”,湿地鸟类是湿地生态系统中重要的组成部分,为湿地生态系统中营养级最高的类群,在食物链中处于顶端,湿地鸟类对汞的暴露主要是由于食用了富集汞的鱼类,在湿地生态系统中对汞的富集程度最高。三江平原位于黑龙江省东部,为中国最大的沼泽分布区,区内水资源丰富,湿地类型较多,生物物种丰富,开展湿地汞污染对湿地食物链的影响及相关研究的意义在于,可以监测湿地的污染情况,有效的为保护湿地及湿地鸟类提供依据,还有助于保护湿地中的生物多样性。于2013年6月10日至30日,在七星河湿地自然保护区、三江国家级自然保护区内分别采集苍鹭(Ardea cinerea)、大白鹭(Egretta alba)羽毛、组织样本,鱼类样本以及昆虫样本进行分析,研究了昆虫、鱼、鹭对总汞的生物富集效应,以探讨汞在湿地食物链的传递与积累问题,研究结果如下：(1)七星河湿地自然保护区内苍鹭雏鸟(胸羽)、成鸟(胸羽)、卵壳的平均总Hg含量分别为47.14±26.43μg/kg、825.97±418.00μg/kg、21.91±4.88μg/kg。总Hg含量分布大小顺序：成鸟雏鸟卵壳。大白鹭雏鸟羽毛总Hg含量35.19±14.23μg/kg,与苍鹭雏鸟相比,Hg含量水平较低,但统计学上无差异。(2)三江保护区苍鹭雏鸟各组织总Hg含量：肝脏590.16±36.72μg/kg,肾脏409.28±30.68μg/kg,肌肉350.90±70.24μg/kg,脑182.63±11.23μg/kg。大白鹭雏鸟各组织总Hg含量：肝脏322.84±66.05μg/kg,肾脏230.15±18.01μg/kg,肌肉197.00±12.08μg/kg,脑111.23±23.50μg/kg。汞在两鹭组织内分布规律相同：肝脏肾脏肌肉脑。组织内Hg含量：苍鹭大白鹭。(3)七星河保护区内苍鹭与大白鹭食性相比较,两者食物百分率相似指数P=0.61。苍鹭与大白鹭所食鱼类总Hg含量大小顺序：葛氏鲈塘鳢(Perccottus glenii Dybowski)拉氏渆(Phoxinus lagowskii Dybowski)鲫鱼(Carassius auratus)泥鳅(Misgurnus anguillicaudatus)。将四种鱼按照食性分为两组：肉食性(葛氏鲈塘鳢)、杂食性(鲫鱼、泥鳅、拉氏渆)。肉食性鱼体总Hg含量杂食性鱼体的总Hg含量。鱼类体长与总Hg含量均呈正相关,鱼体总Hg含量随体长增长而增大。(4)三江保护区苍鹭与大白鹭所食鱼类总Hg含量大小顺序：蛇泩(Saurogobio dabryi Bleeker)鲫鱼(Carassius auratus)草鱼(Grass carp)。汞在鱼体中的分布规律：肉食性为主的杂食性鱼类(蛇泩)草食性为主的杂食性鱼类(鲫鱼、草鱼)。(5)两个保护区昆虫—鱼—鹭食物链总Hg含量明显呈递增状态,汞在食物链的传递与积累情况明显,食物链等级越高,其体内汞富集程度越高。
[Abstract]:It is necessary to study the distribution and ecological effects of mercury in the different species of the ecosystem. It is necessary to correctly evaluate the ecological risk of mercury pollution and protect the sensitive species from the toxicity of mercury. Wetland is the "active reservoir" of mercury. Wetland birds are the important components of the wetland ecosystem, which are the most nutritious groups in the wetland ecosystem. At the top of the food chain, the exposure of wetland birds to mercury is mainly due to the consumption of mercury enriched fish and the highest concentration of mercury in the wetland ecosystem. The Sanjiang plain is located in the eastern part of Heilongjiang Province, the largest wetland in China, rich in water resources, more types of wetlands, rich in biological species, and in developing wetland mercury. The impact of pollution on the wetland food chain and its significance is that it can monitor the pollution of the wetland, provide the basis for the protection of wetland and wetland birds effectively, and help protect the biodiversity in the wetland. In from June 10 to 30, 2013, in the Qixing wetland self protected area, the Sanjiang National Nature Reserve Ardea cinerea, Egretta Alba feathers, tissue samples, fish samples and insect samples were analyzed. The bioaccumulation effect of insects, fish and herons on total mercury was studied to discuss the transfer and accumulation of mercury in the wetland food chain. The results were as follows: (1) the heron nestlings in the Qixing Wetland Nature Reserve (Xiong Yu) In the bird (Xiong Yu), the average total Hg content of the egg shell was 47.14 + 26.43 mu g/kg, 825.97 + 418 mu g/kg, 21.91 + 4.88 g/kg. total Hg content distribution order: the egg shell of bird nestlings. The total Hg content of the egret nestlings was 35.19 + 14.23 mu g/kg, and the level of Hg content was lower than that of the heron nestlings, but there was no difference statistically. (2) Sanjiang protection area The total Hg content in the tissues of the heron's nestlings: the liver is 590.16 + 36.72 mu g/kg, the kidney is 409.28 + 30.68 mu g/kg, the muscle is 350.90 + 70.24 g/kg, the total Hg content of the tissues of the nestlings of the brain 182.63 + 11.23 u g/kg.: the liver is 322.84 + 66.05 Mu g/kg, the kidney is 230.15 + 18.01 mu g/kg, and the muscle 197 + 8 g/kg. The same rule of cloth: liver kidney and kidney muscle and brain. Hg content in the tissue: Heron heron. (3) comparison between heron and egrets in the Qixing River protection area, the similarity index of the percentage of food in the two kinds of food is the order of total Hg content in the fish egrets of P=0.61. heron and egret: Perccottus glenii Dybowski (Phoxinus lagowsk). II Dybowski) carp (Carassius auratus) loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus). Four kinds of fish were divided into two groups according to their feeding habits: meat eating (carp. Carp), omnivorous (carp, loach, Laplace). The total Hg content of the omnivorous fish body in the carnivorous fish body. The body length of fish was positively correlated with the total Hg content, and the total Hg content of the fish body was long with the body length. Increase and increase. (4) the order of total Hg content of fish food in Sanjiang protected heron and egret: Saurogobio dabryi Bleeker) carp (Carassius auratus) grass carp (Grass carp). The distribution of mercury in fish body: omnivorous fishes (Carassius auratus, grass carp) and two species of fish (crucian carp and grass carp). The total Hg content of the food chain of the insect fish Heron in the protected area was obviously increased. The transfer and accumulation of mercury in the food chain was obvious. The higher the food chain grade, the higher the concentration of mercury in the body.

【学位授予单位】：东北林业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X174;X503.225

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