巢湖农业面源污染控制措施分析与研究

发布时间：2018-04-23 05:24

本文选题：巢湖流域 + 农业面源污染　；参考：《安徽农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：加强农业面源污染治理,是转变农业发展方式、推进现代农业建设、实现农业可持续发展的重要任务。习近平总书记指出,农业发展不仅要杜绝生态环境欠新账,而且要逐步还旧账,要打好农业面源污染治理攻坚战。李克强总理提出,要坚决把资源环境恶化势头压下来,让透支的资源环境得到休养生息。2015年中央1号文件对“加强农业生态治理”作出专门部署,强调要加强农业面源污染治理。今年政府工作报告也提出了加强农业面源污染治理的重大任务。为贯彻落实好党中央、国务院一系列部署要求,坚决打好农业面源污染防治攻坚战,加快推进农业生态文明建设,不断提升农业可持续发展支撑能力,促进农业农村经济又好又快发展,提出了《农业部关于打好农业面源污染防治攻坚战的实施意见》。巢湖农业面源污染治理是一项长期的、复杂的、艰巨的宏大工程,涉及各部门、多学科的先进技术支撑。本论文针对巢湖流域农业面源污染成因,结合巢湖流域地理、水文、生态等特点,借鉴国内外成功的经验,引进、消化、吸收先进适用技术,提出具有可操作性的巢湖流域农业面源污染控制措施,以相关法律法规为保障,以清洁生产、农业生态补偿为手段,以创新水质处理技术为依托,多管齐下,形成合力,加快巢湖流域农业面源污染治理,助推合肥市美好乡村建设和城乡统筹一体化,同时为打造“大湖名城、创新高地”提供基础保障。1.制度建设。深入有效贯彻落实现行条例;转变农业面源污染防治立法理念;转换农业面源污染防治立法模式;构建农业面源污染防治法律制度。2.政策措施。包括农业清洁生产和农业生态补偿两方面。关于清洁生产,打造农产品知名品牌,研究制订农业清洁生产政策法规,加快安全食品生产示范基地建设,培育农业清洁生产市场主体,加大宣传培训力度。关于农业生态补偿,以加快环巢湖生态文明示范区建设为契机,以开展农业生态补偿项目为重点,以公共参与为手段,加强监测预警,强化科技支撑。力争通过5年的努力,把巢湖打造成全国现代生态农业示范区、农民收入快速提升区、农村改革试验区和城乡一体化发展示范区。3.工程措施。包括生态工程和建设工程。生态工程应开展底泥生态疏浚项目,达到通畅目的;种植陆生植物,净化水质;兴建绿化植被,牢固岸堤。建设工程应提高污水处理级别,严格执行排放标准;加大污水收集范围,加快管网建设进程;加快乡镇污水处理厂建设步伐,科学规划有计划有步骤实施;探索村居污水处理模式,由点到面加快推广示范。4.技术创新。(1)养殖污染物治理技术。推广和改善发酵床养殖技术,畜禽排泄物被迅速分解、消化,不需要繁杂的人工清理,达到减排、省料和省工的效果。(2)有机肥使用技术。开展有机肥的科学规范使用技术,经过较大规模应用实践,逐步摸索出成本低廉、优质、持续高效、农民普遍接受的生物有机肥产品和使用技术。(3)秸秆资源化利用技术。通过创新,改进生产工艺,采用蒸汽加热处理、生物处理、化学处理和热水处理等方法,提高秸秆产品性能,推进秸秆产业化发展,实现秸秆资源化利用。(4)水质处理技术。建立数据库,开发预警系统,开展科技示范工程。
[Abstract]:Strengthening the control of agricultural non-point source pollution is an important task to change the way of agricultural development, promote the construction of modern agriculture and realize the sustainable development of agriculture. General Secretary Xi Jinping points out that the development of agriculture should not only eliminate the new accounts of the ecological environment, but also gradually return to the old accounts. It is necessary to make a good fight against the pollution control of agricultural non-point sources. The deterioration of the resources and environment will be pressed down, and the resources and environment of the overdrawn resource and environment will be recuperated for.2015 year. The Central Committee of the Central Committee of China has made a special deployment to "strengthen the agro ecological management" and emphasizes the strengthening of agricultural non-point source pollution control. The government work report also put forward the important task of strengthening the pollution control of agricultural non-point sources this year. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, a series of deployment requirements of the State Council, resolutely strike a good fight against the prevention and control of agricultural non-point source pollution, accelerate the construction of agricultural ecological civilization, continuously improve the supporting capacity of agricultural sustainable development, promote the good and rapid development of agricultural and rural economy, and put forward the implementation of the Ministry of agriculture on the fight against pollution prevention and control of agricultural non-point sources. The pollution control of Lake agricultural non-point source is a long-term, complex and arduous grand project, involving various departments and advanced technical support of multidisciplinary. This paper aims at the causes of agricultural non-point pollution in the Chaohu basin, combining with the geographical, hydrological and ecological characteristics of Chaohu basin, drawing on the successful experience at home and abroad, introducing, digesting, absorbing advanced and applicable technology. The control measures of agricultural non-point source pollution in Chaohu basin are operable, with relevant laws and regulations as the guarantee, with clean production, agricultural ecological compensation as the means, relying on innovative water treatment technology, multi management, forming resultant force, speeding up the pollution control of agricultural non-point source in Chaohu River Basin, promoting the construction of beautiful countryside in Hefei and the overall planning of urban and rural areas At the same time, it provides a basic guarantee for the construction of the "Great Lake famous city and innovative highland".1. system, thoroughly and effectively implement the current regulations, change the legislative concept of agricultural non-point source pollution prevention and control, transform the agricultural non-point source pollution prevention and control legislation mode, and construct the agricultural non-point source pollution control law system.2. policy measures, including agricultural cleaner production and agriculture. Two aspects of industry ecological compensation. On clean production, making famous brand of agricultural products, research and formulation of agricultural clean production policies and regulations, speeding up the construction of safety food production demonstration base, cultivating the main body of agricultural cleaner production market and increasing publicity and training. On agricultural ecological compensation, in order to speed up the construction of the ecological civilization demonstration area of the ring Chaohu as an opportunity In order to carry out agricultural ecological compensation projects and take public participation as a means, we should strengthen monitoring and warning and strengthen scientific and technological support. Through the efforts of 5 years, Chaohu will be made into a national modern ecological agriculture demonstration area, the fast raising area of farmers' income, the experimental area of rural reform and the.3. engineering measures of the urban and township integration development demonstration area, including the ecological workers. The ecological dredging project should carry out the dredged sediment ecological dredging project to achieve the smooth purpose; planting land plants, purifying the water quality, building greening vegetation, firm bank embankment. Construction projects should improve sewage treatment level, strictly implement emission standards, increase the scope of sewage collection, speed up the construction process of pipe network, and accelerate the construction step of the township sewage treatment plant. Felling, scientific planning has plans and steps to implement; explore the village sewage treatment model, accelerate the promotion of demonstration.4. technology innovation from point to surface. (1) the cultivation of pollution control technology. Promote and improve the fermentation bed culture technology, livestock and poultry excreta are rapidly decomposed, digestion, no complex artificial cleaning, to achieve emission reduction, save and save labor effect. (2) (2) The application technology of organic manure. Through the scientific and standardized use of organic manure, through large scale application practice, we gradually find out the low cost, high quality, continuous and high efficiency, the farmers generally accept the bio organic fertilizer products and the use technology. (3) the straw resource utilization technology. Through the innovation, the improvement of the production process, the steam heating treatment, the biological treatment Chemical treatment and hot water treatment are used to improve the performance of straw products, promote the development of straw industrialization and realize the utilization of straw resource. (4) water quality treatment technology, establish a database, develop early warning system and carry out scientific and technological demonstration projects.

【学位授予单位】：安徽农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X71

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