南宁市岩溶地区石漠化动态分析

发布时间：2018-04-23 06:11

本文选题：南宁市 + 岩溶土地　；参考：《广西大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：石漠化是岩溶地区土地退化的极端形式。研究石漠化的动态变化情况,分析其变化原因,总结石漠化治理的经验,为南宁市制定石漠化防治措施,推进石漠化综合治理提供基础数据和科学依据。本文综述了国内外石漠化的研究现状与发展趋势,在广西2005年第一次石漠化监测及2011年第二次石漠化监测成果基础上,以南宁市岩溶地区为研究对象,采用3S技术和数理统计方法对2005-2011年南宁市岩溶土地、石漠化程度的动态变化情况及石漠化变化的原因进行研究分析。研究表明：(1)南宁市岩溶土地稳定型面积745496.8 hm2,占岩溶土地面积的93.6%；顺向演替面积43513.3 hm2,占岩溶土地面积的5.5%；逆向演替面积7438.4 hm2,占岩溶土地面积的0.9%。南宁市岩溶土地基本处在稳定的状态,稍有改善。(2)研究区岩溶土地变化情况：由石漠化土地转变为潜在石漠化土地面积37602.3 hm2,转变为非石漠化土地面积2568.3 hm2；由潜在石漠化土地转变为非石漠化土地面积3342.7 hm2,转变为石漠化土地面积3189.1hm2；由非石漠化土地转变为潜在石漠化土地面积3270.6 hm2,转变为石漠化土地面积546.7 hm2。(3)分析石漠化程度变化情况,结果表明：2011年石漠化土地面积比2005年减少35534.8 hm2,其中轻度石漠化减少3215.3 hm2,中度石漠化减少3152.0 hm2,重度石漠化减少29430.3 hm2,极重度石漠化增加262.8hm2。石漠化土地在整体减少的同时局部在继续恶化中。(4)分析岩溶土地变化原因,认为治理因素是引起研究区岩溶土地顺向演替的主要推动因素,其中封山管护措施成效最为显著。因实施封山管护措施而引起岩溶土地顺向演替的面积29136.3 hm2,占顺向演替面积的67.0%。灾害因素和不适当经营等人为破坏因素是引起岩溶土地逆向演替的主要推动因素,面积分别为1616.4 hm2和1479.0 hm2。(5)建立石漠化程度变化影响因子数据库并进行相关性分析,得出封山管护、人工造林、封山育林与石漠化程度顺向演替极为相关,自然修复和工程建设与石漠化程度顺向演替相关,其它因素、坡改梯工程和中幼林抚育都与石漠化程度顺向演替不相关；其它因素和灾难性气候与石漠化程度逆向演替极为相关,不适当经营方式对石漠化程度逆向演替存在着很大的影响,毁林开荒、过度樵采等人为破坏对石漠化程度逆向演替有一定的影响,但不是主要影响因素。
[Abstract]:Rocky desertification is an extreme form of land degradation in karst areas. This paper studies the dynamic changes of rocky desertification, analyzes its causes, summarizes the experience of controlling rocky desertification, and provides basic data and scientific basis for Nanning to formulate measures to prevent and control rocky desertification and to promote comprehensive control of rocky desertification. Based on the results of the first monitoring of rocky desertification in Guangxi in 2005 and the second monitoring of rocky desertification in 2011, this paper summarizes the present research situation and development trend of rocky desertification at home and abroad, and takes the karst area of Nanning as the research object. The dynamic changes of rocky desertification degree and the causes of rock desertification in karst land of Nanning City from 2005 to 2011 were studied and analyzed by using 3s technique and mathematical statistics method. The results show that the stable area of karst land in Nanning is 745496.8 mm ~ 2, which accounts for 93.6% of the area of karst land; the area of direct succession is 43513.3 mm ~ 2, accounting for 5.5% of the area of karst land; and the area of reverse succession is 7438.4 hm ~ 2, accounting for 0.9% of the area of karst land. The karst land in Nanning is basically in a stable state. Change of karst land in the study area: from rocky desertification land to potential rocky desertification land area of 37602.3 hm ~ 2, to non-stone desertification land area of 2568.3 mm ~ 2, from potential rocky desertification land to non-stone desertification land area to non-stone desertification land area 3342.7 From non-rocky desertification land to potential rocky desertification land area of 3270.6 hm ~ 2, to stone desertification land area of 546.7 hm ~ 2 路m ~ (3)) to analyze the change of rocky desertification degree. The results showed that the land area of rocky desertification in 2011 decreased by 35534.8 hm2compared with 2005, in which mild rocky desertification decreased by 3215.3 hm2, moderate rocky desertification decreased by 3152.0 hm2, severe rocky desertification decreased by 29430.3 hm2, and very severe rocky desertification increased by 262.8 hm2. The causes of karst land change are analyzed. It is considered that the controlling factors are the main driving factors for the direct succession of karst land in the study area, among which the effect of mountain closure management and conservation measures is the most remarkable. The area of direct succession of karst land is 29136.3 mm ~ 2, which accounts for 67.0% of the area of forward succession. Disaster factors and improper management are the main driving factors to cause reverse succession of karst land. The area is 1616.4 hm2 and 1479.0 hm2.05 respectively) the database of the factors affecting the change of rocky desertification degree is established and the correlation analysis is carried out. It is concluded that the sequestration of mountain management and conservation, artificial afforestation, forest closure and cultivation are closely related to the direct succession of the degree of rocky desertification, and the natural restoration and engineering construction are closely related to the succession of the degree of rocky desertification, and other factors, The slope change ladder engineering and the middle and young forest tending are not related to the direct succession of the degree of rocky desertification, and other factors and catastrophic climate are extremely related to the reverse succession of the degree of rocky desertification, and the improper management mode has a great influence on the reverse succession of the degree of rocky desertification. The artificial destruction of deforestation and excessive wood harvesting has certain influence on the reverse succession of rocky desertification, but it is not the main influencing factor.
【学位授予单位】：广西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X171

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