模拟酸雨对两种园林植物叶性状的影响

发布时间：2018-04-24 09:30

本文选题：模拟酸雨 + 园林植物　；参考：《华南农业大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：酸雨是目前全球关注的十大生态环境问题之一,不仅给森林植物和农田作物造成了影响,也给园林植物造成影响。观赏性是园林植物的最重要特性,而酸雨影响园林植物叶性状而产生的可见伤害对园林植物观赏性构成了重要的影响,关注酸雨对观赏性的影响非常重要。广州是酸雨严重地区,对园林植物产生较大影响。龙船花(Ixora chinensis)与|杜鹃(Bougainvillea glabra)是广州城市绿化中最常用的观赏灌木品种,但酸雨对两种园林植物的影响却未见报道。论文以两种园林植物作为实验对象,采用模拟酸雨的方法开展实验,研究模拟酸雨对两种园林植物叶性状的可见伤害,以此反映酸雨在实际环境中对植物的影响。再根据实验结果结合文献,以酸雨造成的可见伤害与其它成因造成的做横向比较,建立一套判别酸雨造成可见伤害的视觉识别标准。以期为园林养护人员提供一种快速、简便、高效的酸雨伤害的视觉识别方法,同时希望能提高园林养护人员对酸雨影响的关注意识。实验用酸度为2.0、3.0、4.0、5.6四种,用硫酸与硝酸按1:1的混合型模拟酸雨处理11次,研究模拟酸雨对两种园林植物叶性状造成的可见伤害影响。根据模拟实验研究的结果,总结出判别酸雨造成植物可见伤害的视觉识别标准。得出以下结论:(1)龙船花与|杜鹃的可见伤害阈值均为pH 2.0-pH 3.0之间。龙船花和|杜鹃是可以抗pH 3.0以上酸雨的植物品种。在低于pH 3.0的模拟酸雨影响下,两种园林植物的可见伤害程度与处理频次成正比。pH 2.0模拟酸雨处理下的叶片平均受害率约75%。可见伤害越多,对观赏性影响越大。在pH 3.0以下的模拟酸雨造成伤害面积越大,叶片叶绿素含量越低。(2)模拟酸雨对两种园林植物叶性状产生可见伤害的特征为:不同品种伤斑颜色不同,但形状与位置特征相近。不同叶倾角叶片受害程度不同,叶倾角越大,叶片可见伤害越轻。不同叶龄叶片受害不同,叶受害次序为:嫩叶先,老叶后;叶受害程度为:嫩叶重,老叶轻。不同叶位分布叶片受害不同,叶受害次序为:上部叶先,中部叶次之,下部叶最后;叶片受害程度为:上部叶最重,中部叶次之,下部叶最轻。(3)判别酸雨造成植物可见伤害的视觉识别标准分为4个方面9个指标,以此判别标准进行可见伤害的成因识别可行有效。本研究可补充酸雨对两种园林植物叶性状的影响的资料。模拟酸雨造成两种园林植物叶性状的可见伤害特征可帮助园林养护人员现场辨识酸雨造成的可见伤害。本研究的视觉识别标准可向养护人员推广使用。
[Abstract]:Acid rain is one of the ten ecological environmental problems concerned by the world at present. It not only affects forest plants and farmland crops, but also affects garden plants. Ornamental is the most important characteristic of garden plants, and the visible damage caused by acid rain affecting the leaf characters of garden plants has an important impact on the ornamental properties of garden plants, so it is very important to pay attention to the influence of acid rain on the ornamental properties of garden plants. Guangzhou is a serious area of acid rain, which has great influence on garden plants. Ixora chinensis and Bougainvillea glabraa are the most commonly used ornamental shrubs in urban greening in Guangzhou, but the effects of acid rain on the two garden plants have not been reported. In this paper, two kinds of garden plants were used as experimental objects, and the method of simulated acid rain was used to study the visible damage of acid rain to the leaf characters of two garden plants, so as to reflect the effect of acid rain on plants in the actual environment. Based on the experimental results and literature, a set of visual recognition criteria for the visible injury caused by acid rain was established by comparing the visible injury caused by acid rain with that caused by other causes. The aim is to provide a quick, simple and efficient visual recognition method for garden maintainers, and hope to improve the attention of garden maintainers to the influence of acid rain. In the experiment, four kinds of acid rain were treated with sulfuric acid and nitric acid for 11 times with the acidity of 2.0 ~ 3.0 ~ 4.0 ~ 5.6.The effects of simulated acid rain on the leaf characters of two garden plants were studied by using the mixture of sulfuric acid and nitric acid for 11 times. Based on the results of simulation experiments, the visual recognition criteria for plant visible damage caused by acid rain were summarized. The following conclusion is drawn: (1) the visible injury threshold of the two species is between pH 2.0-pH 3. 0. Dragon flower and rhododendron are plant varieties that can resist acid rain above pH 3.0. Under the influence of simulated acid rain below pH 3.0, the visible damage degree of the two garden plants was directly proportional to the treatment frequency. The average damage rate of leaves under simulated acid rain treatment at pH 2.0 was about 7575. It can be seen that the more damage, the greater the impact on the ornamental. The larger the area of injury caused by simulated acid rain under pH 3.0, the lower the chlorophyll content of leaves. 2) the visible damage to leaf characters of two garden plants caused by simulated acid rain was as follows: different varieties had different color, but similar shape and location. The greater the dip angle, the lighter the visible damage. The order of leaf injury is: young leaf is first, old leaf is later, and the degree of leaf injury is: young leaf is heavy, old leaf is light. The order of leaf damage was: the upper leaf was the first, the middle leaf was the second, the lower leaf was the last, and the degree of leaf damage was the highest in the upper leaf, the second in the middle leaf, and the second in the middle leaf. The visual recognition criteria for the visible damage caused by acid rain can be divided into 4 aspects and 9 indexes. It is feasible and effective to identify the cause of visible injury by using this criterion. This study can supplement the effect of acid rain on leaf characters of two garden plants. Simulating the visible damage characteristics of the leaf characters of two garden plants caused by acid rain can help the landscape maintainers to identify the visible damage caused by acid rain. The visual identification criteria of this study can be extended to maintainers.
【学位授予单位】：华南农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S688;X517

【参考文献】