“多自然”河道治理中湿地型生态岛的净化能力研究

发布时间：2018-04-24 12:23

本文选题：湿地型生态岛 + 氧气传递　；参考：《苏州大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：本研究在查阅文献及各种技术比较的基础上,针对城市污染河道的治理,探索了一种以砂石为基质的湿地型生态岛技术,并进行了中试试验,与以泥土为基质的常规型生态岛进行比较,分析了该技术在氧气传递能力、水体交换能力、水质净化能力以及生态岛中微生物群落多样性等几个方面的能力大小。同时,初步评估湿地型生态岛技术在实际河道案例中的应用情况,分析其是否能够有利于城市污染河道的治理修复,为未来城市河道生物修复技术发展带了借鉴意义影响。根据本实验研究,得出以下结论:(1)在氧气传递能力方面,水体波动和水体静止两种情况下,湿地型生态岛内的DO水平分别比常规型生态岛提高了74.5%、75.2%、75.4%和34.9%、71.0%、39.2%,可知湿地型生态岛有利于氧气的快速传递,且远远高于常规型生态岛。(2)在水体交换能力方面,纯砂池、砂鸢池、砂芦池湿地型生态岛的最大水体交换率分别达到90.6%、31.0%、84.0%,而纯泥池、泥鸢池、泥芦池常规型生态岛的最大水体交换率仅达到11.6%、12.1%、12.4%,水体交换率分别高出7.8倍、2.6倍、6.8倍,可知,湿地型生态岛的水体交换能力远高于常规型生态岛。(3)在水质净化能力方面,水体波动时,3个湿地型生态岛对TP、TN、COD去除率依次达到75.84%、80.26%、63.90%和45.27%、52.03%、48.68%和69.23%、82.69%、75.00%,3个常规型生态岛为33.77%、50.03%、49.35%和45.52%、46.13%、44.59%和67.31%、73.08%、61.54%;水体静止时,两类生态岛对TP、TN、COD指标的降解率都下降了50%以上。而且更好的氧气传递与水体交换能力促进了湿地型生态岛外空气和污染水体进入内部,使基质上生物膜获得更多的氧气和营养物,进一步促进了生态岛的净化能力。(4)微生物群落多样性分析,湿地型生态岛和常规型生态岛中都具有相对较丰富的氨化细菌、硝化细菌、反硝化细菌等脱氮微生物,可能存在砂石基质营养流动性大,物质贫瘠以及受水力冲击大等原因,湿地型生态岛的微生物群落多样性及总量低于常规型生态岛。(5)望山河示范案例分析结果显示,湿地型生态岛的适应性与生态修复效果较好,经过望山河1月-10月的生物修复与连续监测,其对COD、TP、TN、NH4的去除效率达到55.01%、40.0%、40.96%、47.54%。由以上试验研究可知,湿地型生态岛用于城市污染河道生物修复治理是一种可行的技术。
[Abstract]:On the basis of literature review and comparison of various technologies, a wetland ecological island technology based on sand and stone was explored, and a pilot experiment was carried out in the light of the treatment of polluted river courses in urban areas. Compared with the conventional ecological island based on soil, the capacity of the technology in oxygen transfer, water exchange, water quality purification and microbial community diversity in the ecological island was analyzed. At the same time, the application of wetland ecological island technology in actual river course cases is evaluated preliminarily, and whether it can be beneficial to the treatment and restoration of polluted river course is analyzed, which will have a reference significance for the development of bioremediation technology in urban river course in the future. According to this experimental study, the following conclusions can be drawn: (1) in the case of oxygen transfer capacity, the water body fluctuates and the water is still. The do level in the wetland ecological island is 74.55.275.2% higher than that in the conventional ecological island, respectively, and 39.2% and 39.2% respectively. It can be seen that the wetland ecological island is beneficial to the rapid oxygen transfer, and is far higher than the conventional ecological island (.kites) in terms of water exchange capacity, pure sand pool, sand kite pond, etc. The maximum water exchange rate of the wetland ecological island reached 90.6%, 31.0% and 84.0% respectively, while the maximum water exchange rate of pure mud pond, mud kite pond, mud Reed pond and mud Reed pond was only 11.60.12.1and 12.4cm, respectively, and the water exchange rate was 7.8 times, 2.6 times and 6.8 times higher than that of water body, respectively. The water exchange capacity of wetland ecological island is much higher than that of conventional ecological island. When the water was fluctuating, the COD removal rates of TPN TNN on the three wetland ecological islands reached 75.84% and 45.272.03%, 48.68% and 69.2382.6900, respectively, and the three conventional ecological islands were 33.7750.039.35% and 45.522% and 46.131344.59% and 67.31%, 73.08%, respectively, and the degradation rate of TPTNN COD in the two ecological islands decreased by more than 50%. Moreover, better oxygen transfer and water exchange capabilities promote the entry of the wetland eco-island air and polluted water into the interior, resulting in more oxygen and nutrients from the biofilm on the substrate. It further promoted the analysis of microbial community diversity of ecological islands. Both wetland ecological islands and conventional ecological islands have relatively abundant denitrification microorganisms such as ammoniated bacteria, nitrifying bacteria, denitrifying bacteria, etc. The diversity and total amount of microbial community of wetland ecological island is lower than that of conventional ecological island. The results of demonstration case study of Wangshan River show that the diversity and total amount of microbial community of wetland ecological island are lower than that of conventional ecological island. After bioremediation and continuous monitoring of Wangshan River from January to October, the removal efficiency of TNNH4 reached 55.01%, 40.96% and 47.54%. According to the above experiments, the wetland ecological island is a feasible technology for the bioremediation of polluted river channel.
【学位授予单位】：苏州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X52

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