醴陵市潘家冲铅锌矿尾矿库环境污染特征及综合治理对策

发布时间：2018-04-24 20:23

本文选题：醴陵潘家冲 + 铅锌矿　；参考：《湖南农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：为满足经济发展的需要,矿山开采的规模、速度等相比过去都有较大幅度的提升,人们在享受能源资源所带来的经济效益的同时,逐渐认识到其对环境所造成的破坏,为降低矿山开采活动对环境的破坏和对人类生命健康的威胁,本文以潘家铅锌矿尾矿库为研究对象,在查阅大量相关文献和对当地人们走访调查的基础上,结合个人专业知识,以醴陵市潘家冲铅锌矿尾矿库为研究对象,进行野外勘察、样本采集、室内分析,对其污染规律进行综合分析,同时利用潜在生态风险指示法、单因子指数评价法、内梅罗污染指数法、地累积指数法等对其进行多因子分析评价,得出以下结论：(1)醴陵市潘家铅锌矿尾矿库周围土壤中铅、锌、锡的重金属含量均超出湖南省土壤背景,已显著富集,而相对汞、砷、镉重金属含量较少,这说明此铅锌矿尾矿库已经对其周围土壤构成了一定程度的重金属污染,应引起足够的重视。(2)醴陵市潘家铅锌矿尾矿库地下水体、下游河流中虽检测出一定的重金属成份,但并没有明显超出湖南省水质标准,所以现阶段尾矿库并未对其周围水环境构成严重的破坏,但针对性的防治仍要引起重视。(3)醴陵市潘家铅锌矿尾矿库周围粉尘天气发生概率虽有所提升,但仍在合理范围内,这与对其周围居民的随机走访调查结果一致,这说明尾矿库现阶段已经引起其周围大气的变化,但程度并不强烈,有效的防治效果仍然会较理想。(4)醴陵市潘家铅锌矿尾矿库周围辐射检查结果证明,现阶段尾矿库及其周围的辐射污染并不明显,所以在针对性的防治过程中可适当将其相关措施延后或力度缩减,但并不能放弃对其进行有计划的检测。(5)在综合各项检查结果后,可以判定醴陵市潘家铅锌矿尾矿库重金属含量明显高于复垦区和外围区,进行综合评价后发现醴陵市潘家铅锌矿尾矿库土壤、水体、空气环境受重金属污染相对较严重,辐射污染相对不明显,在此基础上结合其土壤中锡、锌、铅含量过高,空气受粉尘影响最为突出,水体受污染物渗透影响最为强烈等环境污染特征和规律,分别针对醴陵市潘家铅锌矿尾矿库土壤、水体、粉尘、固体废弃物方面,提出醴陵市潘家铅锌矿尾矿库环境治理和改善的具体对策。
[Abstract]:In order to meet the needs of economic development, the scale and speed of mining have been greatly increased compared with the past. People, while enjoying the economic benefits of energy resources, gradually realize the damage to the environment. In order to reduce the damage to the environment and the threat to human life and health caused by mining activities, this paper takes the tailings of Panjia lead-zinc mine as the research object, on the basis of consulting a large number of relevant documents and visiting local people, combining with personal professional knowledge. Taking the tailings of Panjiachong lead and zinc mine in Liling city as the research object, the field investigation, sample collection, indoor analysis, comprehensive analysis of its pollution law, and the use of potential ecological risk indication method, single factor index evaluation method, Nemero pollution index method and ground accumulation index method were used to evaluate the content of lead, zinc and tin in the soil around the tailings of Panjia lead and zinc mine in Liling. The contents of heavy metals in the tailings of the lead-zinc mine have been polluted to some extent by the relative mercury, arsenic and cadmium. The underground water body of the tailings of Panjia lead and zinc mine in Liling city should be paid enough attention to. Although some heavy metals were detected in the downstream rivers, they did not exceed the water quality standard of Hunan Province. So at this stage, the tailings reservoir has not caused serious damage to its surrounding water environment, but the targeted prevention and control should still attract attention.) although the probability of dust weather around the tailings reservoir of Panjia lead and Zinc Mine in Liling City has been improved, it is still within a reasonable range. This is consistent with the results of a random visit to its surrounding residents, which indicates that the tailings reservoir has caused changes in its ambient atmosphere at this stage, but to a lesser extent. The results of radiation inspection around the tailings of Panjia lead-zinc mine in Liling City prove that the radiation pollution of the tailings reservoir and its surroundings is not obvious at this stage. Therefore, in the process of targeted prevention and treatment, the relevant measures can be appropriately postponed or reduced, but we cannot abandon the planned testing. 5) after synthesizing the results of various inspections, It can be concluded that the heavy metal content in the tailings of Panjia lead and zinc mine in Liling city is obviously higher than that in the reclamation area and the peripheral areas. After comprehensive evaluation, it is found that the soil, water body and air environment of Panjia lead and zinc mine tailings in Liling City are relatively seriously polluted by heavy metals. The radiation pollution is relatively insignificant. On the basis of this, the environmental pollution characteristics and laws are combined with the excessive content of tin, zinc and lead in the soil, the most prominent influence on air by dust, and the strongest influence on water body by pollutants infiltration, etc. Aiming at the soil, water, dust and solid waste of the tailings of Panjia lead and zinc mine in Liling city, this paper puts forward the concrete countermeasures for environmental control and improvement of the tailings reservoir of Panjia lead and zinc mine in Liling city.
【学位授予单位】：湖南农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X753;TD926.4

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