糖蜜酵母废水中焦糖色素的回收及厌氧生物处理废水的试验研究

发布时间：2018-04-27 02:30

  本文选题：糖蜜酵母废水 + 水质污染特性　； 参考：《华南理工大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：酵母是目前世界上唯一年产量超过百万吨的微生物,被广泛应用于食品、酿酒、医药、化妆品、饲料等行业。糖蜜酵母工业中排放出大量的、成分复杂的糖蜜酵母废水,其具有高浓度有机物和硫酸盐含量、可生化性差的特点。糖蜜酵母废水在经过一般的生化处理工艺后,出水COD浓度和色度较高难以达标排放。本文在全面分析糖蜜酵母废水的水质特征和有机污染物特性的基础上,建立了从酵母废水中回收焦糖色素的相关工艺;同时,探讨了糖蜜酵母废水的厌氧生物处理工艺和工艺运行参数,对比了回收焦糖色素前后糖蜜酵母废水厌氧生物处理工艺的减排效果,对酵母废水的综合治理新途径的开发具有一定现实意义。本文主要研究内容与结果如下:(1)基于常规水质监测方法、气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)分析,探讨了糖蜜酵母废水水质特征和有机污染物特性。糖蜜酵母废水中存在大量的酚类、酮类和酯类物质,使糖蜜酵母废水具有高色度的特征,苯环类、长链烃和杂环类等难以生物降解化合物的存在,则是糖蜜酵母废水可生化性差的直接原因。(2)采用调节pH—超滤分离—蒸发浓缩—真空干燥的工艺回收焦糖色素;采用分子截留量为5kDa超滤膜分离,经1次洗滤工艺,可从2L糖蜜酵母废水中回收出约30g焦糖色素,回收率约为15g/L;经检测,其色率为79200EBC,红色指数为2.94,黄色指数为4.96,具有较好的耐盐和耐酸性能,基本符合焦糖色素国家标准GB8117-2001。(3)自行设计了糖蜜酵母废水厌氧生物处理工艺小试实验装置,确定了厌氧生物处理工艺最佳运行参数条件,最终采用Ⅰ级升流式厌氧污泥床反应器(UASB)-臭氧中间处理-Ⅱ级UASB厌氧生物处理组合工艺处理高浓度有机物的糖蜜酵母废水。糖蜜酵母废水回收焦糖色素后,再经厌氧生物工艺处理,COD综合减排量可以达到88%,废水色度去除率达到82.9%,为后续进一步采用好氧生物处理及深度达标处理打下了良好基础。
[Abstract]:Yeast is the only microorganism in the world with an annual output of more than one million tons, which is widely used in food, wine, medicine, cosmetics, feed and other industries. A large amount of molasses yeast wastewater with complex components is discharged from molasses yeast industry, which has the characteristics of high concentration of organic matter, sulfate content and poor biodegradability. After general biochemical treatment, the effluent of molasses yeast wastewater is difficult to meet the standard of COD concentration and chroma. Based on the comprehensive analysis of the water quality and organic pollutant characteristics of molasses yeast wastewater, the related technology of recovering caramel pigment from yeast wastewater was established. The anaerobic biological treatment process and operation parameters of molasses yeast wastewater were discussed, and the emission reduction effects of the anaerobic biological treatment process of molasses yeast wastewater before and after the recovery of caramel pigment were compared. It is of practical significance to develop a new way of comprehensive treatment of yeast wastewater. The main contents and results of this paper are as follows: (1) based on the conventional water quality monitoring method, the characteristics of molasses yeast wastewater water quality and organic pollutants were analyzed by GC-MS. There are a large number of phenols, ketones and esters in molasses yeast wastewater, which make molasses yeast wastewater have high color characteristics, benzene rings, long chain hydrocarbons and heterocyclic compounds are difficult to biodegrade. It is the direct cause of the poor biodegradability of molasses yeast wastewater. The process of adjusting pH value, ultrafiltration separation, evaporating concentration and vacuum drying is used to recover caramel pigment, and the molecular retention is separated by 5kDa ultrafiltration membrane, which is washed and filtered once. About 30g caramel pigment was recovered from 2L molasses yeast wastewater, the recovery was about 15g / L, the color ratio was 79200EBC, the red index was 2.94, and the yellow index was 4.96. In accordance with the national standard of caramel pigment GB8117-2001.03) the experimental equipment for anaerobic biological treatment of molasses yeast wastewater was designed by ourselves, and the optimum operating parameters of anaerobic biological treatment process were determined. In the end, UASBM-ozone intermediate treatment-鈪，

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