草原文化遗址元上都生态风险评价技术研究
发布时间:2018-04-27 04:27
本文选题:元上都遗址区 + 生态风险评价 ; 参考:《内蒙古农业大学》2016年硕士论文
【摘要】:本文选取元上都遗址作为典型草原文化遗址研究区,不仅由于元上都是我国保存最完整的草原都城和世界文化遗产,更重要的是作为蒙元文化的代表,近年来区域生态环境受人为和自然因素的影响在加剧。因此,对元上都遗址进行生态风险评价是保护和传承草原文化遗址的关键,以便科学合理开发与保护遗址区。文章基于1985a、 2000a、2005a、2010a四期遥感影像资料,界定了评价范围,对主要风险源进行了调查与分析,构建了元上都遗址生态风险评价指标体系,采用模糊综合评价法计算得出1985a、2000a、2005a、2010a的综合风险度量值。通过绘制研究区区域风险等级图,得出区域风险空间分布并提出相应的风险管理与防控对策。具体研究结果表明:(1)针对草原文化遗址地的自然生态环境,景观分类划分为:草地、林地、耕地、沙地、水域、居民点、贫瘠荒地等7个类型;其中耕地面积、林地面积、居民用地面积呈增加趋势,林地面积25年间增长了85 km2,年均增加3.4 km2;而耕地面积增加了488 km2,年均增加了19.01 km2,增幅较显著;沙地面积呈先增加后减少的变化趋势,共减少了250 km2,草地面积总体减少了100.77 km2。(2)确定自然类主要风险源为:气温、降水、水土流失;人为风险源为:旅游开发、农牧业开发、工矿业开发、水资源开发、城镇化扩张以及道路修建。气候总体变化呈暖干化趋势;气温与耕地、沙地、水域面积负相关较大,与盐碱地面积正相关较大;而降水量与林地、居民用地正相关较大。(3)基于生态风险评价与PSY模型,构建了草原文化遗址元上都生态风险评价指标体系,分为目标层、准则层、要素层、指标层等4个层次,共计14个指标;应用模糊综合评价法,得出不同时期元上都遗址地区域生态风险评价矩,其中1985、2000年为Ⅱ级风险,2005、2010年为Ⅲ级风险,生态风险整体呈上升趋势,整体生态风险属于中等偏低水平。(4)通过2010年风险图的绘制,得出区域生态风险分布规律,整体风险分布不均匀,并将风险区划分为5个风险等级。其中,高风险区分布在城市化水平较高的上都镇、五一种蓄场、黑城子、浑善达克沙地以及沿闪电河流域呈带状分布,景观类型主要以农村居民点、工矿业、旅游点为主。基于风险等级及其分布,为元上都遗址保护地的景观生态建设提供合理建议与相应的风险管理对策,并为研究区区域生态环境的改善与维护提供理论指导。
[Abstract]:This article chooses the Yuan Shangdu site as the typical grassland cultural site research area, not only because Yuan Shang is the most complete grassland capital and the world cultural heritage of our country, but also as the representative of the Mongolian and Yuan culture. In recent years, the impact of human and natural factors on the regional ecological environment is increasing. Therefore, the ecological risk assessment of the site is the key to protect and inherit the grassland cultural sites in order to develop and protect the sites scientifically and rationally. Based on the remote sensing image data of 1985a, 2000a/ 2005a/ 2010a, this paper defines the scope of evaluation, investigates and analyzes the main risk sources, and constructs the ecological risk evaluation index system of Yuanshangdu site. The fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is used to calculate the comprehensive risk measurement value of 1985a / 2005a / 2005a / 2010a. By drawing the regional risk grade map of the research area, the spatial distribution of regional risk is obtained and the corresponding countermeasures of risk management and prevention and control are put forward. The results show that the landscape classification is divided into seven types: grassland, woodland, cultivated land, sandy land, water area, residential area, barren wasteland, etc. The area of residential land increased by 85 km ~ 2 in 25 years, and increased by 3.4 km ~ 2 per year, while that of cultivated land increased by 488 km ~ (2) and increased by 19.01 km ~ (2) a year, while the area of sandy land increased first and then decreased. The main natural risk sources are: air temperature, precipitation, soil erosion, human risk sources: tourism development, agriculture and animal husbandry development, industrial and mining industry development, water resources development. Urbanization and road construction. The overall change of climate is warm and dry, the temperature is negatively correlated with cultivated land, sandy land and water area, and is positively correlated with saline-alkali land area, while precipitation is positively correlated with woodland and residential land area, based on ecological risk assessment and PSY model. The evaluation index system of ecological risk in Yuan Shangdu of grassland cultural sites is constructed, which is divided into four levels: target layer, criterion layer, element layer and index layer. The ecological risk assessment moments in different periods of Yuan Shangdu site are obtained. Among them, in 1985,2000 it is grade 鈪,
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