我国环境基本公共服务均等化评估指标体系及其应用研究

发布时间：2018-04-30 17:19

本文选题：环境基本公共服务 + 均等化　；参考：《中央民族大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着社会经济的发展,人们对环境质量和相应环境服务的要求也不断提高。但长期以来,我国受经济总量导向、城乡二元化管理体制、粗放型增长模式、不完善的环保制度等多重因素影响,对于环境保护的政府责任和相应的制度规范的认识和建设存在明显欠缺,导致环境保护领域各类公共服务的供给存在着总量不足、不同地区和城乡间差异较大等问题。环境保护公共服务的差异进一步加剧了资源密集地区与生态敏感地区的环境破坏,威胁到区域环境质量安全。进行环境基本公共服务水平和均等化水平评估,从区域层面评估发现我国环境基本公共服务的结构性问题,对改善区域环境质量,满足人民群众需求,避免重大区域生态环境破坏事件,具有重要意义。本研究在搜集分析文献,以及借鉴国内外相关理论和经验的基础上,根据生态文明建设的要求,结合环境保护领域基本公共服务的实践,构建环境基本公共服务的理论框架,对环境基本公共服务的内涵、范围、目标等进行了探索性的初步界定。根据“压力—状态—响应”(PSR)模型,应用“城乡”、“东中西区域”等差异化语义和“人均”、“覆盖率”等非差异语义,结合我国环境基本公共服务阶段性目标,尤其是“十二五”环境基本公共服务均等化重点推进领域,如安全饮水、环境监管与环境基础设施建设运营等,考虑评估指标数据的科学性、代表性、可行性与发展性,归纳形成基于供给和需求两个层次的环境基本公共服务的评估指标体系。然后,收集2008-2013年数据,对其进行无量纲处理,采用专家打分和层次分析法计算指标权重,再选择合适的评价方法评估30个省份环境基本公共服务水平的变化趋势。在环境基本公共服务评估指标与评估方法研究的成果基础上,采用GIS的自然间断点分级法对相似值进行聚类分组,进行基于相似度的均等化评估,采用基尼系数法进行基于差异度的均等化评估。最后,运用SPSS软件进行斯皮尔曼相关分析,探索经济发展对环境基本公共服务水平的影响显著性。研究结论表明：根据环境基本公共服务的提供范围,构建的指标体系有助于与现有的国民经济统计和环境统计体系相衔接,能够识别和量化评价不同区域间环境基本公共服务均等化程度。全国30个省(市区)实证结果表明：2008-2013年间,两个层次评价的环境基本公共服务水平得分情况为：东部中部西部东北,各省均等化程度逐年提高。推动环境基本公共服务均等化,于东部沿海地区而言,重点在于从源头上降低污染物排放强度,地方政府应抑制高耗能、高排放行业过快增长,推广应用清洁生产技术,加大对排污企业的监管力度等。而中西部地区关键是加大环保资金、机构能力建设投入,保障污水、垃圾等处置设施的建设,有效提高环境污染治理效率。对于东北地区,应从各方面入手,一方面应加大环保投入,改善环境基础设施运行效率；一方面也要转变经济增长方式,调整产业结构,走环境友好型发展道路。
[Abstract]:With the development of the social economy, the demands for environmental quality and the corresponding environmental service are also increasing. However, for a long time, China has been influenced by many factors, such as the economic aggregate orientation, the two yuan management system in urban and rural areas, the extensive model of growth, the imperfect environmental protection system and so on, and the recognition of the government responsibility and the corresponding institutional norms of the environmental protection. There is a clear shortage of knowledge and construction, which leads to the shortage of the supply of various public services in the field of environmental protection, the big differences in different regions and cities and villages. The difference of public service of environmental protection further aggravates the environmental damage of the resource intensive areas and the ecological sensitive areas, and threatens the environmental quality and safety of the region. The assessment of the level of basic public service and the level of equalization is of great significance to the assessment of the structural problems of the basic public services in our environment from the regional level. It is of great significance to improve the quality of the environment, meet the needs of the people and avoid the destruction of the ecological environment in major regions. On the basis of the theory and experience, according to the requirements of the ecological civilization construction and the practice of the basic public service in the field of environmental protection, the theoretical framework of the basic public service of the environment is constructed, and the connotation, scope and goal of the environmental basic public service are preliminarily defined. According to the "pressure state response" (PSR) model, With the use of "urban and rural", "East and west region", "average" and "per capita", "coverage rate" and other non difference semantics, combined with the goal of the basic public service stage in China, especially the "12th Five-Year" environmental basic public service equalization key areas, such as safe drinking water, environmental supervision and environmental infrastructure construction and operation. And so on, considering the scientificity, representativeness, feasibility and development of the evaluation index data, the evaluation index system of the environmental basic public service based on two levels of supply and demand is formed. Then, the data of 2008-2013 years are collected, the dimensionless treatment is carried out, the weight of the index is calculated by the expert scoring and the analytic hierarchy process, and then the appropriate selection is made. The evaluation method is used to evaluate the change trend of the basic public service level in the 30 provinces. On the basis of the results of the research on the evaluation indexes and methods of the environmental basic public service, the GIS's natural internatural breakpoint classification method is used to cluster the similar values, and the similarity evaluation is carried out based on the Gini coefficient method. Finally, the Spielman correlation analysis was carried out by the SPSS software to explore the significance of economic development to the environmental basic public service level. The conclusion shows that the index system is helpful to the existing national economic statistics and environmental statistics according to the scope of the provision of the basic public services. We can identify and quantify the degree of equalization of basic public services between different regions. The empirical results of 30 provinces (urban areas) in the country show that in the 2008-2013 years, the score of the basic public service level of the environmental assessment in the two levels is: the degree of equalization of the provinces in the East and the east of the eastern part of the East, the degree of equalization of the provinces is increasing year by year. In the eastern coastal areas, the emphasis is on reducing the intensity of pollutant emission from the source, the local government should restrain the high energy consumption, increase the rapid growth of the high emission industry, promote the application of clean production technology and increase the supervision of the pollutant discharge enterprises. The key of the central and Western region is to increase the environmental funds and the construction of the institutional capacity. In the northeast area, we should increase the environmental investment and improve the efficiency of the environmental infrastructure. On the one hand, we should change the way of economic growth, adjust the industrial structure and take the road of environmental friendly development.

【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X321

【参考文献】