蚯蚓处理城市污泥应用研究

发布时间：2018-05-01 05:43

本文选题：蚯蚓处理 + 污泥　；参考：《四川农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：污泥处理处置不当会对环境及人体健康造成严重影响,但污泥具有丰富的养分和有机质,其资源化利用潜力很大。本研究对温江区污水污泥特性进行测定分析；从蚯蚓投放密度、污泥添加厚度、物料碳氮比三个方面进行单因素试验,得出最佳蚯蚓投放密度、最佳污泥添加厚度、最佳物料碳氮比；对这三因素进行正交设计试验,得出三个因素的最优水平组合；分别以蚯蚓粪和营养土为基质,在花盆中进行小麦发芽试验,观察小麦芽的形态特征,并统计其发芽率和生长速率。主要内容及结论如下：(1)通过对生活污水污泥特性进行测定,得出其有机质、总氮、总磷和总钾平均含量分别为54.99± 9.87%、2.42±0.66%、0.90±0.25%和0.67±0.06%；碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾平均含量分别2.42±0.66%、0.90±0.25%和0.67±0.06%,分别占全氮、全磷和全钾的6.42%、5.47%和61.53%,重金属含量由高到低的顺序ZnCuCrPbCd,其平均含量分别为545.14 mg/kg、148.74 mg/kg、90.79 mg/kg、28.8 mg/kg、4.80mg/kg。总体上来说,生活污泥营养成分丰富,重金属含量低于污泥农用限值,具有很大的资源化利用价值。(2)经蚯蚓处理后,污泥pH值显著升高,TN、TP含量显著降低,TK含量显著升高,TOC大幅降低,碱解氮、有效磷、有效钾含量显著升高,Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr、 Cd重金属含量显著降低。(3)通过不同蚯蚓投放密度试验,得出随着蚯蚓投放密度的增加,蚯蚓日增重倍数先增大后减小,蚯蚓粪中pH不断增长,TN、TP含量先降低后升高,TK含量不断增加,TOC含量不断降低,碱解氮、有效磷、有效钾的含量先升高后降低,重金属含量逐渐降低；50g/kg密度组蚯蚓生物量增比、日增重倍数最高,是最适宜蚯蚓生长的投放密度；50 g/kg密度组蚯蚓粪TN、TP含量显著低于其它组别,碱解氮、有效磷、有效钾含量达到最大值；蚯蚓投放密度越大,蚯蚓对重金属的吸收富集作用越显著,蚯蚓粪中的重金属减量效果越好。(4)通过不同污泥添加厚度试验,得出随着污泥添加厚度的增加,蚯蚓日增重倍数大致呈现先增大后减小的趋势,蚯蚓粪中碱解氮、有效磷、有效钾的含量先升高后降低,Cu、Zn含量的降低幅度逐渐减小；10cm厚度组蚯蚓生物量增比、日增重倍数最高,是最适宜蚯蚓生长的污泥培养厚度；8 cm厚度组pH值显著高于其他各处理；污泥厚度为10cm时,蚯蚓粪中TOC、TN、TP含量显著低于其它组别,TK含量显著高于其它组别,碱解氮、有效钾含量达到最大值,蚯蚓粪中速效养分的增长效果更好;蚯蚓粪中Pb、Cd、Cr在污泥厚度为10-12cm处的降低效果最好;综合起来看,污泥厚度为10cm时,蚯蚓对重金属的富集作用更强,重金属含量降低效果更好。(5)通过不同物料碳氮比试验,研究得出随着物料碳氮比的增加,蚯蚓日增重倍数大致呈现先增大后减小的趋势。物料碳氮比对蚯蚓生长存在显著影响,碳氮比为20时,蚯蚓日增重倍数最高,其可能是最适宜蚯蚓生长的物料碳氮比值。(6)通过三因素三水平正交设计试验,研究得出碳氮比、污泥厚度、蚯蚓密度三因素对蚯蚓日增重倍数的影响作用大小依次为碳氮比密度厚度,C/N比为20、厚度为10 cm,密度为50g/kg是蚯蚓处理污泥的最优条件组合,此时蚯蚓生长最快。(7)通过在蚯蚓粪与营养土不同培养环境下进行小麦发芽试验和小麦苗生长试验,研究得出以蚯蚓粪为基质的小麦苗发芽速率快于营养土,完成发芽所用时间较短,但发芽率低于营养土；和营养土相比,蚯蚓粪中小麦苗生长速度更快。
[Abstract]:Improper sludge disposal and disposal will seriously affect the environment and human health, but the sludge has abundant nutrients and organic matter, and its utilization potential is great. The characteristics of sewage sludge in Wenjiang area are measured and analyzed. The single factor test is carried out from three aspects: earthworm feeding density, sludge addition thickness and material carbon and nitrogen ratio. The best earthworms were put on the density, the best sludge added thickness and the best material carbon and nitrogen ratio; the orthogonal design test of these three factors was carried out to obtain the optimal level combination of three factors; the wheat germination test was carried out in the flower pot with earthworm feces and nutrient soil respectively, and the morphological characteristics of the malt were observed and the germination rate and growth were counted. The main contents and conclusions are as follows: (1) by measuring the characteristics of sewage sludge, the average content of organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium is 54.99 + 9.87%, 2.42 + 0.66%, 0.90 + 0.25% and 0.67 + 0.06%, respectively, and the average content of alkali hydrolysable nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium is 2.42 + 2.42, respectively, 0.90 + 0.25% and 0.67 +. Nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium of 6.42%, 5.47% and 61.53%, the heavy metal content from high to low order ZnCuCrPbCd, the average content is 545.14 mg/kg, 148.74 mg/kg, 90.79 mg/kg, 28.8 mg/kg, 4.80mg/kg. in general, the living sludge nutrients are rich, heavy metal content is lower than the sludge agricultural limit, and has a great resource utilization value. (2 After the earthworms were treated, the pH value of the sludge increased significantly, the content of TN, TP decreased significantly, the content of TK increased significantly, the TOC decreased significantly, the content of alkali hydrolysable nitrogen, available phosphorus and effective potassium increased significantly, and the content of heavy metals in Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr and Cd decreased significantly. (3) the increasing multiplier of earthworms with the increase of earthworm density and the multiplier of earthworms First increase and then decrease, pH increase in earthworm feces, TN, TP content first decreased and then increase, TK content increased, TOC content decreased continuously, alkali hydrolysable nitrogen, effective phosphorus, effective potassium content increased first and then decreased, and the content of earthworm biomass in 50g/kg density group was the highest, which was the most suitable for earthworm growth. Density; 50 g/kg density group of earthworm feces TN, TP content is significantly lower than other groups, alkali nitrogen, effective phosphorus, effective potassium content to reach the maximum value; earthworm dropping density, earthworm absorption and enrichment of heavy metals, the better the effect of heavy metal reduction in earthworm feces. (4) through the addition of different sludge thickness test, get along with sludge With the increase of the added thickness, the daily weight gain of earthworms increased first and then decreased. The contents of alkali hydrolysable nitrogen, available phosphorus, effective potassium in earthworm feces increased first and then decreased, and the decreasing amplitude of Cu and Zn decreased gradually; the increase of earthworm biomass in 10cm thickness group was the highest, which was the most suitable for the cultivation of earthworm. 8 The pH value of cm thickness group was significantly higher than that of other treatments. When the thickness of sludge was 10cm, the content of TOC, TN and TP in earthworm feces was significantly lower than that of other groups. The content of TK was significantly higher than that of other groups. The content of available K reached the maximum value, and the effect of available nutrients in earthworm feces was better; Pb, Cd and Cr in earthworm feces decreased in the sludge thickness. The effect is the best. When the thickness of the sludge is 10cm, the enrichment of heavy metals is stronger and the content of heavy metals is better. (5) through the carbon nitrogen ratio test of different materials, it is found that with the increase of carbon and nitrogen ratio of materials, the daily increase of earthworms generally presents a tendency to increase first and then decrease. When the ratio of carbon and nitrogen is 20, the daily weight gain of earthworms is the highest, and it may be the most suitable ratio of carbon and nitrogen for the material that is the most suitable for earthworms. (6) through the orthogonal design test of three factors and three levels, the effects of the ratio of carbon and nitrogen, the thickness of the sludge and the earthworm density on the daily weight gain of earthworms are the carbon nitrogen ratio density thickness in turn, C The /N ratio is 20, the thickness is 10 cm, the density is 50g/kg is the best combination of earthworm treatment sludge, and the earthworm grows fastest at this time. (7) the germination rate of wheat seedlings and the growth test of wheat seedlings are carried out under the different culture environment of earthworm feces and nutrient soil. The results show that the germination rate of the wheat seedlings based on earthworm feces is faster than that of the nutrient soil, and the germination is completed. But the germination rate is lower than that of the nutrient soil. Compared with the nutrient soil, the growth rate of the young wheat seedlings is faster.

【学位授予单位】：四川农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X703;X174

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