长株潭城郊土壤及主要蔬菜重金属污染情况研究

发布时间：2018-05-02 02:19

本文选题：长株潭地区 + 重金属污染　；参考：《湖南农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：密度在4.0以上的金属元素就称之为重金属。而重金属在土壤当中的积累达到一定含量的时候就会造成土壤产生重金属污染,蔬菜以及农作物当中在重金属含量超标的时候,其正常的生长发育也会产生较大的影响,并且重金属会通过食物链而进到人体内,对人的身体健康造成影响。本论文选定长株潭地区的三个区域,对其土壤以及农作物重金属污染进行研究,其具体的研究工作如下：第一,对所选定区域的蔬菜以及土壤中所含Cd、Pb的全量,并调查分析各种蔬菜食用部分中Cd的含量。得出,调查的这几块区域的农作物地土壤中Cd和Pb元素的平均含量均超过湖南省土壤背景值和全国土壤背景值,这表明这些区域的土壤已经受到了重金属的污染。本实验土壤含量检测数据要低于湘江沿岸、工业区域暮云镇、矿渣废弃地,这与湘江流域和暮云镇遭受工业“三废”排放污染,土壤扬尘,交通污染有关。第二,研究中对重金属污染的有效性进行测定,其测定结果显示,有效性系数最高的是Cd,并且Cd的活性比较强,植物也比较容易将其吸收；经过测定得到,各类蔬菜食用部分Cd的含量跟土壤Cd的全量、交换态量、铁锰态量的关系是正相关,而且其相关程度较高,其中土壤Cd交换态含量的相关系数是最高的,而跟有机结合态Cd的含量的相关程度较低；第三,总结出目前土壤重金属污染治理有待解决的问题并给出治理土壤重金属污染的对策。得到,应该从制定中长期规划、重视灌溉水源治理以及对污染耕地进行修复这三个方面来应对土壤重金属污染问题。
[Abstract]:Metals with densities above 4.0 are called heavy metals. When the accumulation of heavy metals in the soil reaches a certain level, it will lead to heavy metal pollution in the soil. When the heavy metal content in vegetables and crops exceeds the standard, its normal growth and development will also have a greater impact. And heavy metals enter the human body through the food chain, affecting human health. In this paper, three regions of Chang-Zhu-Tan region are selected to study the heavy metal pollution in soil and crops. The specific research work is as follows: first, the total amount of CDPb in vegetables and soil in the selected area is studied. The contents of CD in edible parts of vegetables were investigated and analyzed. It is concluded that the average contents of CD and Pb in the soils of these regions are higher than the soil background values of Hunan Province and the national soil background values, which indicates that the soils in these areas have been polluted by heavy metals. The measured data of soil content in this experiment are lower than those along the Xiangjiang River, the industrial area is Wuyun Town and the slag wasteland, which is related to the discharge pollution of industrial "three wastes", soil dust and traffic pollution in Xiangjiang River Basin and Wuyun Town. Second, the effectiveness of heavy metal contamination was determined in the study. The results showed that the highest availability coefficient was CD, and CD activity was relatively strong, and it was easier for plants to absorb it. The content of CD in edible parts of all kinds of vegetables was positively correlated with the total amount of CD in soil, the amount of exchangeable state, the amount of iron and manganese, and the correlation degree was higher, among which the correlation coefficient of CD exchange state content in soil was the highest. The correlation between the content of organic bound CD and the content of organic bound CD is low. Thirdly, the problems that need to be solved in the treatment of soil heavy metal pollution are summarized and the countermeasures for controlling soil heavy metal pollution are given. Therefore, we should deal with the heavy metal pollution in soil from the following three aspects: making medium- and long-term plan, paying attention to irrigation water source control and remediation of polluted farmland.
【学位授予单位】：湖南农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X53;X56

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