六种水生植物对铅尾矿渗出液的耐性及修复能力研究

发布时间：2018-05-05 09:03

本文选题：水生植物 + Pb尾矿渗出液　；参考：《江西财经大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文选用黄菖蒲(Iris pseudacorus L.)、慈姑(Sagittaria sagittifolia L.)、芦苇{Phragmites australis(Cav.)Trin.ex Steud}、荸荠(Eleocharis tuberosa S.)、香蒲(Typha orientalis Pres.)和铜钱草(Hydrocotyle vulgaris L.)等6种水生植物为试验材料,研究在铅尾矿渗出液(PbL)胁迫下,这6种植物的生长状况,生理指标及其对Pb尾矿渗出液修复的影响,为修复含Pb重金属尾矿污染的水体环境提供理论和技术支持。研究结果如下:(1)通过试验研究PbL胁迫对黄菖蒲、慈姑、芦苇、荸荠、香蒲和铜钱草六种水生植物的生长、Pb积累及转运能力的影响。综合株高、根长,地下部和地上部干重的结果分析,慈姑、芦苇、香蒲和铜钱草对PbL的抗性相对较强,地下部干重显著高于对照。在100%PbL处理下,黄菖蒲、慈姑、荸荠和铜钱草Pb富集量较大,地上部铅含量均超过60μg/g,黄菖蒲对Pb的富集量最大,地上部和地下部Pb含量分别为78.13μg/g和115.63μg/g。6种植物Pb的运转系数均小于1,其中,芦苇的转运系数最大。研究结果表明,这6种植物都可用于修复Pb污染的环境,黄菖蒲和慈姑是修复Pb尾矿污染水体的理想植物。(2)PbL胁迫对6种水生植物生理指标的研究结果表明,在PbL胁迫下,铜钱草、慈姑地上和地下部分电导率显著上升,荸荠和铜钱草地上部分MDA含量显著提高,其余4种植物的地上和地下部分MDA含量升高不显著。PbL胁迫诱导了6种水生植物POD和SOD酶的活性,慈姑地上部和地下部的POD和SOD活性均高于其他植物。PbL抑制了这6种植物抗坏血酸含量的产生。综合分析表明,这6种水生植物对PbL处理具有一定的生理抗性,其中POD和SOD起到了非常重要的作用。(3)通过不同浓度PbL培养研究PbL胁迫对黄菖蒲和慈姑叶片结构和光合色素含量的影响。结果表明,在PbL处理下,慈姑叶脉周围有大量的气孔腔,叶肉细胞4-6层,与对照相差不大;黄菖蒲叶片表皮细胞排列整齐,叶肉细胞多为2层,与对照没有显著差别,但对照叶片叶脉薄壁细胞中有大量叶绿体存在,而PbL栽培的黄菖蒲叶脉薄壁细胞中叶绿体很少。随着Pb尾矿渗出液含量的升高,2种植物的叶绿素a、b及类胡萝卜素含量逐渐下降,在100%PbL处理下,黄菖蒲叶绿素a、叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素含量是对照的42%、45%和51%,而慈姑的叶绿素含量是对照的53%、42%、89%。综合分析表明,慈姑对PbL的抗性强于黄菖蒲。(4)通过水培方法研究黄菖蒲和慈姑对Pb尾矿渗出液修复潜力研究结果表明,黄菖蒲和慈姑地上和地下部生长指标随着PbL体积浓度的上升而显著下降。黄菖蒲和慈姑的地上和地下部分Pb积累量随着Pb液浓度的提高而迅速升高,栽培于100%PbL中的两种植物地上部Pb含量分别为149μg/g和125μg/g,这两种植物的转运系数都小于1。100%黄菖蒲和慈姑栽培基质中的Pb含量均比原Pb尾矿渗出液含Pb量要低。栽培慈姑的溶液中的溶解氧含量和pH值均高于栽培黄菖蒲的溶液;电导率值随着PbL浓度的提高而显著增加,栽培黄菖蒲的100%PbL的电导率是栽培慈姑溶液中的4.4倍。研究结果说明黄菖蒲和慈姑调节溶液中的溶解氧、电导率、酸碱度能力较强,两种植物本身对Pb离子的富集量也较大,对PbL有较好的修复能力。
[Abstract]:In this paper, 6 kinds of aquatic plants, such as Huang Changpu (Iris pseudacorus L.), Sagittaria Sagittifolia L., reed {Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin.ex Steud}, water chestnut (Eleocharis), cattail and coppergrass, are used as experimental materials to study the stress of lead tailing exudation solution. The growth conditions of the 6 plants, physiological indexes and the effect on the repair of Pb tailing exudation solution provide theoretical and technical support for the restoration of water environment containing Pb heavy metal tailings. The results are as follows: (1) the growth of six aquatic plants, such as Huang Changpu, arrowhead, reed, water chestnut, Chinese water chestnut, cattail and coppergrass, was studied by PbL stress. The results of the comprehensive plant height, the root length, the dry weight of the underground and the upper part of the ground, the resistance of the arrowhead, the reed, the cattail and the coppers to the PbL was relatively strong, and the dry weight in the underground was significantly higher than that of the control. Under the 100%PbL treatment, the concentration of Huang Changpu, the arrowhead, the water chestnut and the coppers Pb were greater, and the lead content in the upper part of the ground was more than 60 mu g/g. The enrichment of Pb was the largest, and the Pb content in the upper and underground parts of 78.13 and 115.63 g/g.6 plants Pb was less than 1, of which the reed was the largest transport coefficient. The results showed that the 6 plants could be used to repair the environment of Pb pollution. Huang Changpu and the mercy were ideal plants for the remediation of Pb tailings polluted water. (2) Pb The results of L stress on the physiological indexes of 6 species of aquatic plants showed that under PbL stress, the electrical conductivity of the upper and underground parts of coppers and arrowheads increased significantly, the content of MDA on the water chestnut and copper meadow increased significantly, and the increase of the MDA content in the top and underground parts of the other 4 plants was not significantly induced by.PbL stress, which induced the POD and SOD enzyme of 6 species of aquatic plants. Activity, the activity of POD and SOD in the upper and underground parts of the arrowhead is higher than that of other plants,.PbL inhibits the production of ascorbic acid in these 6 plants. The comprehensive analysis shows that these 6 aquatic plants have certain physiological resistance to PbL treatment, of which POD and SOD play a very important role. (3) the study of PbL stress by different concentrations of PbL culture. The effect of the leaf structure and photosynthetic pigment content of Acorus calamus and arrowhead. The results showed that there were a large number of stomatal cavities around the PbL treatment, and the 4-6 layers of mesophyll cells were not similar to those of the photograph. The epidermal cells of the leaf epidermis of Acorus calamus were arranged neatly and the mesophyll cells were 2 layers, but there was no significant difference from the control, but the leaf vein parenchyma cells were compared with the leaves. There were a large number of chloroplasts, while the chloroplasts in the PbL cultured leaf vein of Acorus calamus were few. With the increase of the content of Pb tailing exudate, the content of chlorophyll a, B and carotenoid decreased gradually. Under the 100%PbL treatment, the content of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoid content of Acorus calamus was 42%, 45% and 51% of the control. The content of chlorophyll was 53%, 42%, and 89%. comprehensive analysis showed that the resistance of the arrowhead to PbL was stronger than that of the Yellow calamus. (4) the results of the study of the remediation potential of the Acorus calamus and the arrowhead on the exudate of the Pb tailings showed that the growth indices of the upper and underground parts of Huang Changpu and tsinia showed a significant decline with the increase of the PbL volume concentration. The accumulation of Pb in the aboveground and subterranean parts of the arrowhead rapidly increased with the increase of the concentration of Pb liquid, and the Pb content in the upper part of the two plants cultivated in 100%PbL were 149 g/g and 125 mu g/g respectively. The transport coefficients of the two plants were less than 1.100% of the Acorus calamus and the cultivation matrix of the arrowhead, which were lower than those of the original Pb tailing exudate. The dissolved oxygen content and pH value in the solution were higher than those of cultivated Acorus calamus. The conductivity value increased significantly with the increase of PbL concentration, and the electrical conductivity of the cultivated Acorus calamus was 4.4 times as high as that of the cultivated arrowhead solution. The results showed that the Acorus calamus and the Acorus Acorus calamus were more capable of regulating dissolved oxygen, electrical conductivity and acidity and alkalinity in the solution. The two plants themselves have higher Pb ion concentration and better repair ability for PbL.

【学位授予单位】：江西财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X173;X52

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