耕地土壤污染修复技术与设备研究

发布时间：2018-05-05 14:15

本文选题：土壤污染 + 技术与设备　；参考：《长安大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着工业化生产的发展以及城市化速度的加快,土壤承受着越来越多的来自于工厂和人类活动产生的废水、废渣和废气。如果这些废弃物得不到及时有效的处理便会随着雨水渗入到土壤中,当这些污染物累积到超过土壤的自净能力的程度时就会引起土质的严重恶化,形成土壤污染。耕地土壤污染的主要原因是在农业生产过程中过度使用农药、化肥等化学品。据环境保护部和国土资源部发布的关于我国首次土壤污染调查公告显示,全国近两成的耕地污染检测超标,土壤污染治理迫在眉睫。土壤污染可分为无机物污染、有机物污染和复合型污染,针对国内不同的污染类型,研究人员从物理、化学和生物三个方向入手已研究出一系列的修复技术,但对于修复设备的研究却几乎是一片空白。所以,本文从和人类生活息息相关的耕地土壤污染的角度入手,提出两种符合耕地土壤污染特点的修复技术与设备。首先是土壤换层修复技术与设备,提出一种全新的土壤修复技术,该技术的创新性在于突破传统的地表作业,将地表污染较重的土壤通过换层机的表层土处理组件添加改良剂搅拌混合均匀后首先摊铺到较深一层,深层的未被污染或者污染较轻的土壤通过深层土处理组件摊铺到表层。土壤换层修复技术的特点是效率高,处理后的地表平整,土壤颗粒大小均匀,不影响农耕。其次是土壤耙松加热修复技术与设备,利用翻松机构将土壤翻松,将高温高压空气通入地下土壤,并对尾气作回收处理。土壤耙松加热修复技术在污染类型和修复深度方面弥补了土壤换层修复中存在的不足,同时也解决了现有技术二次污染的问题。本文通过对我国土壤污染做全面调研,明确了我国土壤污染类型,针对耕地土壤污染提出两种切实可行的修复技术与设备,弥补了我国在这方面研究的部分空白,具有实用价值,对我国土壤污染修复技术与设备的进一步研究具有一定的指导意义。
[Abstract]:With the development of industrial production and the acceleration of urbanization, the soil bears more and more waste water, waste residue and waste gas from factories and human activities. If these wastes can not be treated in a timely and effective manner, they will seep into the soil with Rain Water. When these pollutants accumulate beyond the self-purification ability of the soil, they will cause serious deterioration of soil quality and form soil pollution. The main cause of soil pollution is the overuse of pesticides, fertilizers and other chemicals in agricultural production. According to the announcement issued by the Ministry of Environmental Protection and the Ministry of Land and Resources on the first soil pollution investigation in China, nearly 20% of the cultivated land pollution detection in the country exceeds the standard, and soil pollution control is imminent. Soil pollution can be divided into inorganic pollution, organic pollution and compound pollution. Aiming at different types of pollution in China, researchers have developed a series of remediation techniques from three aspects: physics, chemistry and biology. But the research of repair equipment is almost a blank. Therefore, from the point of view of cultivated land soil pollution, which is closely related to human life, this paper puts forward two kinds of remediation techniques and equipments which accord with the characteristics of cultivated land soil pollution. First of all, the technology and equipment of soil layer replacement is proposed, and a new soil remediation technology is put forward. The innovation of this technology is to break through the traditional surface operation. After mixing the seriously polluted soil through the surface soil treatment module of the layer changer and mixing the modifier evenly, the deep soil which is not polluted or less polluted is spread to the surface layer through the deep soil treatment module. The characteristics of soil layer replacement technique are high efficiency, smooth surface after treatment, uniform soil particle size and no effect on farming. Secondly, the technology and equipment of soil rake heating and repairing are used to loosen the soil and air at high temperature and high pressure into the underground soil, and the tail gas is recovered and treated. The technology of soil raking and heating remediation makes up for the deficiency of soil layer replacement in pollution type and depth, and also solves the problem of secondary pollution of existing technology. Through a comprehensive investigation of soil pollution in China, this paper defines the types of soil pollution in our country, and puts forward two feasible remediation technologies and equipment for cultivated land soil pollution, which make up some gaps in this field of research in our country. It has practical value and has certain guiding significance for the further research of soil pollution remediation technology and equipment in China.
【学位授予单位】：长安大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X53

【参考文献】